Angiotensin II Increases Norepinephrine Release
... Klaus,16 does not appear in the presence of /3-adrenergic receptor antagonists, may therefore be caused by an increase of the local norepinephrine concentration. However, a direct influence of the peptide on calcium channels has also been suggested.1718 The first aim of this study was to determine w ...
... Klaus,16 does not appear in the presence of /3-adrenergic receptor antagonists, may therefore be caused by an increase of the local norepinephrine concentration. However, a direct influence of the peptide on calcium channels has also been suggested.1718 The first aim of this study was to determine w ...
Articles Exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin once daily versus
... with GLP-1 receptor stimulation increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucagon secretion, slowing gastric emptying (particularly with short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists), and increasing satiety, and SGLT2 inhibition increasing urinary glucose excretion.3–7 These drugs also provide sustained wei ...
... with GLP-1 receptor stimulation increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucagon secretion, slowing gastric emptying (particularly with short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists), and increasing satiety, and SGLT2 inhibition increasing urinary glucose excretion.3–7 These drugs also provide sustained wei ...
38: Opioids
... is active) and postulated that the drug needed to “fit” into a receptor.8 In 1963, after studies on the clinical interactions of nalorphine and morphine, the theory of receptor dualism167 postulated the existence of two classes of opioid receptors. Such opioid binding sites were not demonstrated exp ...
... is active) and postulated that the drug needed to “fit” into a receptor.8 In 1963, after studies on the clinical interactions of nalorphine and morphine, the theory of receptor dualism167 postulated the existence of two classes of opioid receptors. Such opioid binding sites were not demonstrated exp ...
Application of NMR and Molecular Docking in Structure
... The completion of the human genome project [1] coupled with an increase in R&D investments was widely anticipated to be the cornerstone of personalized medicine with a corresponding explosion in new pharmaceutical drugs targeting a range of diseases. Nearly a decade later, the rate at which new drug ...
... The completion of the human genome project [1] coupled with an increase in R&D investments was widely anticipated to be the cornerstone of personalized medicine with a corresponding explosion in new pharmaceutical drugs targeting a range of diseases. Nearly a decade later, the rate at which new drug ...
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF OPIOIDS, STIMULANTS, AND
... is that both the N-methyl and N-cyclopropylmethyl analogs are mu agonists, whereas N-cyclopropylmethyl substitution generally leads to mu antagonists. Thus, both the N-methyl NIH 11149 and its Ncyclopropylmethyl analog, NIH 11150, were active as antinociceptive agents, albeit with the Ncyclopropylme ...
... is that both the N-methyl and N-cyclopropylmethyl analogs are mu agonists, whereas N-cyclopropylmethyl substitution generally leads to mu antagonists. Thus, both the N-methyl NIH 11149 and its Ncyclopropylmethyl analog, NIH 11150, were active as antinociceptive agents, albeit with the Ncyclopropylme ...
HUMAN PHARMACOLOGY AYAHUASCA Director de la Tesi:
... Colombia, Daime or Hoasca in Brazil, natema in Ecuador and pinde along the Pacific coast of Colombia. More than 70 indigenous groups are known to employ ayahuasca, for which 42 different vernacular names have been reported (Luna, 1986). The use of this pan-Amazonian psychotropic beverage appears to ...
... Colombia, Daime or Hoasca in Brazil, natema in Ecuador and pinde along the Pacific coast of Colombia. More than 70 indigenous groups are known to employ ayahuasca, for which 42 different vernacular names have been reported (Luna, 1986). The use of this pan-Amazonian psychotropic beverage appears to ...
Diminished Cocaine-Like Effects in Dopamine Transporter Ligands
... the top center of the front panel (house light). Levers were set 17 cm apart, with pairs of lamps (light-emitting diodes; LEDs) above each of the levers, also on the front panel. A downward force on either lever of 0.4 N through about 1 mm was defined as a response and produced an audible click. Rei ...
... the top center of the front panel (house light). Levers were set 17 cm apart, with pairs of lamps (light-emitting diodes; LEDs) above each of the levers, also on the front panel. A downward force on either lever of 0.4 N through about 1 mm was defined as a response and produced an audible click. Rei ...
Neuropeptides in learning and memory processes with focus
... increasingly clear that most transmitter systems in the brain can release a cocktail of signalling molecules including classical transmitters and several neuropeptides. However, the neuropeptides seem to come into action mainly under conditions of severe stress or aversive events, which have linked ...
... increasingly clear that most transmitter systems in the brain can release a cocktail of signalling molecules including classical transmitters and several neuropeptides. However, the neuropeptides seem to come into action mainly under conditions of severe stress or aversive events, which have linked ...
Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System
... coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable airflow obstruction that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. The inflammation also causes an associated increase in the existing bronchial hyperresponsi ...
... coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable airflow obstruction that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. The inflammation also causes an associated increase in the existing bronchial hyperresponsi ...
Pharmacologic Identification of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter
... attributed to a preponderance of striated muscle in the proximal strips. In the cat, striated muscle may extend down to 3 or 4 cm above the stomach. The possibility that there is a difference defining the sphincter independent of the type of muscle making up the muscular wall can only be tested in a ...
... attributed to a preponderance of striated muscle in the proximal strips. In the cat, striated muscle may extend down to 3 or 4 cm above the stomach. The possibility that there is a difference defining the sphincter independent of the type of muscle making up the muscular wall can only be tested in a ...
The relative roles of growth hormone and IGF-1 in controlling
... Administration of IGF-1 to normal humans results in glucose lowering that is approximately one-twelfth as potent as that induced by insulin (13), and in patients with extreme insulin resistance it improves insulin sensitivity and carbohydrate homeostasis (14). One problem in interpreting almost all ...
... Administration of IGF-1 to normal humans results in glucose lowering that is approximately one-twelfth as potent as that induced by insulin (13), and in patients with extreme insulin resistance it improves insulin sensitivity and carbohydrate homeostasis (14). One problem in interpreting almost all ...
Evidence for Chronically Altered Serotonin Function in the Cerebral
... Erritzoe and colleagues26 examined both serotonin2A receptor binding and serotonin transporter binding in humans who recently used MDMA and hallucinogens (and were characterized as either MDMA-preferring users or hallucinogen-preferring users). Overall, there was a slight tendency for lower serotoni ...
... Erritzoe and colleagues26 examined both serotonin2A receptor binding and serotonin transporter binding in humans who recently used MDMA and hallucinogens (and were characterized as either MDMA-preferring users or hallucinogen-preferring users). Overall, there was a slight tendency for lower serotoni ...
Spice/K2 drugs – more than innocent substitutes for marijuana
... Activation of CB1 receptors by endocannabinoids occurs mainly via a retrograde signaling process. CB1 receptors are found on the axon terminals of neurons, where they usually mediate the inhibition of neurotransmitters release (Lovinger, 2008). They are abundantly expressed in brain regions associat ...
... Activation of CB1 receptors by endocannabinoids occurs mainly via a retrograde signaling process. CB1 receptors are found on the axon terminals of neurons, where they usually mediate the inhibition of neurotransmitters release (Lovinger, 2008). They are abundantly expressed in brain regions associat ...
The Pharmacology of Opioids
... Methadone is a synthetic long-acting full mu opioid agonist, active by parenteral and oral routes. It was first synthesized as a potential analgesic in Germany in the late 1930s and first studied for human use in the 1950s in the United States. It has been used primarily as a maintenance treatment f ...
... Methadone is a synthetic long-acting full mu opioid agonist, active by parenteral and oral routes. It was first synthesized as a potential analgesic in Germany in the late 1930s and first studied for human use in the 1950s in the United States. It has been used primarily as a maintenance treatment f ...
Minireview The Neurokinin-1 Receptor in Addictive Processes
... contrast to the effects that are typically observed with CRH-R1 antagonism. CRH-R1 inhibitors generally show anxiolysis only under conditions in which anxiety has been elevated, such as after stress, drug withdrawal, or genetic selection for increased anxiety (Heilig and Koob, 2007; Rotzinger et al. ...
... contrast to the effects that are typically observed with CRH-R1 antagonism. CRH-R1 inhibitors generally show anxiolysis only under conditions in which anxiety has been elevated, such as after stress, drug withdrawal, or genetic selection for increased anxiety (Heilig and Koob, 2007; Rotzinger et al. ...
... The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptides (PACAPs) are vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like neuropeptides existing in a 38 and a 27-amino acid residue form [1, 2], named PACAP-38 and PACAP-27, respectively, with an identical 1–27 amino acid sequence. Immunoreactivity for PACAPs has bee ...
Nicotinic agonist
A nicotinic agonist is a drug that mimics the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The nAChR is named for its affinity for nicotine.Examples include nicotine (by definition), acetylcholine (the endogenous agonist of nAChRs), choline, epibatidine, lobeline, varenicline and cytisine.