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Semester Exam Review Summer 2005 What happens in mitosis? Meiosis? What is the difference between the two? Be thorough What is the difference between diploid and haploid What makes up a chromosome? When does DNA replication occur? Describe cytokinesis in plant and animal cells What is a karyotype? What does it show? What is nondisjunction? Give examples. When does crossing over occur? What is the benefit? Be able to work an ABO problem Be able to determine genotype and phenotypes Incomplete dominance Be able to work a dihybrid problem What is chemiosmosis? When does it occur? What is the Kreb’s cycle? What is the starting point? What is the end point? What recycles? What is the Calvin-Benson Cycle? What is the starting point? What is the end point? What recycles? What is the difference among C4, C3, and CAM plants? Why are plants green? What is rubisco? What are enzymes? How do they work? What is the induced fit hypothesis? “ase” What is the difference between competitive/noncompetitive enzymes? What are metabolic pathways? Give examples. What is the purpose of respiration? Photosynthesis? What are redox reactions? Where do we see them? Surface area to volume ration Homeostasis Why does the internal pH values change very little. What is pH, acid, base? When does dehydration synthesis occur? Cell theory Know cell organelles and their functions Which organelles contain DNA Diffusion Phospholipids Lactic acid First and second law of Thermodynamics Relationship of monomers to polymers. Give examples Difference between RNA and DNA What is the difference between active and passive transport? Give examples Concentration gradient Where does the electron transport chain occur? What is it? What does it accomplish? Composition of DNA and RNA nucleotides What is the basic composition of all amino acids? What distinguishes one amino acid from another? Explain why water is a polar molecule. Splenda Know what happens when cells are placed in hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic solutions Turgor pressure Complementary base pairing Okazaki fragments Primase Ligase Helicase DNA polymnerase Chargaff’s rule Where are hydrogen bonds found in DNA? Where are phosphodiester bonds found in DNA? What does it mean to say DNA is antiparallel? What is semiconservative replicative? What is the importance of the sequence of bases? What composes a nucleotide? What is transcription? What is a mutation? What gives the DNA molecule an uniform diameter? What is Central dogma of molecular biology? What are alleles? Describe the structure of DNA. What is the genetic code? What are the distinguishing characteristics of the following: Marfans Huntingtons Turners Klinefelters Hemophilia Down’s syndrome Tay Sachs Sickle cell Difference between X and Y chromosomes What happens in DNA replication?
