Download Document

Genetic Engineering Study Guide
Name: _____________________________
Notes: Karyotyping/ Gen. Disorders, Pedigree webquest, Manipulating DNA, Selective Breeding.
1. What is the purpose of selective breeding? Give an example.
2. What is one disadvantage of inbreeding (why is it discouraged)?
3. What is the purpose of hybridization?
a. Give an example of a hybrid organism.
4. What can scientists do to create more genetic variability in a population?
5. What is genetic engineering?
a. List the steps to genetically modify an organism (to make recombinant DNA).
b. What is the benefit of knowing an organism’s sequence of DNA or genetically
altering an organism?
c. What is a disadvantage or ethical issue with genetically modifying organisms?
6. What is transformation?
7. What is recombinant DNA?
8. What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?
a. Explain the process of gel electrophoresis (include enzymes).
9. What is a clone?
a. List the steps it took to clone Mimi the mouse or Dolly the sheep.
10. How many chromosomes does the normal human have? _______
a. How many of those are autosomes? ______
b. How many of those are sex chromosomes? ______
i. What would my sex chromosomes be if I were female? ______
ii. If I were male? ________
iii. Has anyone ever been born without an X chromosome? ______
11. What is the purpose of a karyotype?
a. List 3 things a karyotype shows?
b. What does homologous chromosomes mean?
12. Human gametes contain ______ autosomes and ______ sex chromosomes each.
13. In pedigrees, males are drawn as a _________ and females are drawn as a _________.
a. How would you show someone is a carrier?
14. What is nondisjunction?
a. Which chromosomes does nondisjunction affect?
15. What is a chromosome or gene map?
16. Match the following disease or disorders to their definitions.
_____ 1. Huntington
A. Sex-linked disorder where individuals do not
produce the protein they need to clot.
_____ 2. PKU (Phenylketonuria)
B. Recessive disease caused by deletion of 3 bases
in DNA.
_____ 3. Tay Sachs
C. Sex-linked disorder causing the loss and
weakening of skeletal muscle.
_____ 4. Sickle Cell Anemia
D. Nondisjunction of chromosome 21. Causes
trisomy (3 copies) to be present.
_____ 5. Down Syndrome
E. XXY – nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes.
_____ 6. Turner’s Syndrome
F. Sex-linked disorder where individuals cannot
distinguish certain colors.
_____ 7. Klinefelter’s Syndrome
G. X0 – female who only receives one X chromosome
_____ 8. Hemophilia
H. Recessive disease that causes infants to not be
able to break down milk proteins.
_____ 9. Color-Blindness
I. Dominant disease that appears after age 30 and
causes loss of muscle control
_____ 10. Duchene Muscular
J. Recessive disease that is fatal in infants; caused by
Dystrophy
a buildup of lipids in the brain
_____ 11. Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
K. Codominant blood disorder where the shape is
changed due to a different sequence of amino acids