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CHROMOSOMES AND PHENOTYPE SECTION 7.1 Power Notes Autosomes Sex Chromosomes Autosomes are: All chromosomes other than Sex chromosomes are: Chromosomes that sex chromosomes; Do not directly determine an determine an organism’s sex organism’s sex Inheritance of sex chromosomes: Punnett Square should indicate that females (XX) can only pass on an X chromosome and males (XY) can only pass on either Autosomal gene expression: Two alleles that one X or one Y chromosome interact to produce a phenotypic trait; X Inheritance of autosomes: Punnett Square should demonstrate that inheritance occurs according to Mendel’s rules, one allele from each parent Q Q q Qq Qq q Qq Qq X X XX XX Y XY XY Expression of sex-linked genes in males: All sexlinked genes are expressed because is no second allele that could mask the first allele; Expression of sex-linked genes in females: Similar to autosomal, but one X chromosome in each cell is randomly “turned off” through X chromosome inactivation