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Transcript
Human Heredity Ch 14 Human Chromosomes • Karyotype – picture of chromosomes grouped together in pairs • 23 pairs (46 total) • Two are sex chromosomes (pair #23) – Female genotype – XX – Male genotype – XY • Autosomes – remaining 44 chromosomes – Pair #s 1-22 • Gender of zygote is determined by male Human Traits • Pedigree – chart that shows relationship in family • Used to infer genotypes of family members Recessive alleles • An abnormal gene shows up when an abnormal allele affects the phenotype • Recessive – only shows up when _________ Dominant allele • Expressed even if recessive allele present Sex-linked genes • Only Genes located on X and Y chromosomes • X chromosome contains more genes being larger • Y chromosome is small so can’t carry other traits besides the one determining the male sex characteristics • Males MUST always express all of their X genes • ** You can tell a trait is sex-linked if more males than females have it in the population!!** Chromosomal disorders • Errors in meiosis • Nondisjunction - Homologous chromosomes fail to separate • Abnormal numbers of chromosomes in gametes Sex chromosome disorders • Disorders in the sex chromosomes • May only have one X – Sterile, sex organs do not develop at puberty • Or be a male with two X • Presence of Y chromosome produces male sexual development no matter how many X • Lack of Y, the embryo develops as a female • http://www.zerobio.com/drag_gr11 /sexlink.htm
