Anatomical variation of the carotid arterial system within the South
... and external carotid arteries were longer in white males compared to black males. There was a higher frequency of curving of the carotid arteries in white females compared to white males. The thyro-lingual trunk was the most common trunk within the sample. The internal carotid artery was postero-lat ...
... and external carotid arteries were longer in white males compared to black males. There was a higher frequency of curving of the carotid arteries in white females compared to white males. The thyro-lingual trunk was the most common trunk within the sample. The internal carotid artery was postero-lat ...
U n i v
... constant during early childhood up to the age of six, varying during older childhood and early adolescence and once again becoming constant from age 15 upwards. The largest changes in the juvenile shape could be seen in the supraspinous fossa, with the superior border having a concave shape up to th ...
... constant during early childhood up to the age of six, varying during older childhood and early adolescence and once again becoming constant from age 15 upwards. The largest changes in the juvenile shape could be seen in the supraspinous fossa, with the superior border having a concave shape up to th ...
Mutational Analysis of the Drosophila Sister-Chromatid
... the arms of sister chromatids is destroyed, allowing homologues that have undergone reciprocal exchange to move apart from each other. However, centromeric cohesion remains intact, facilitating proper segregation during the secondmeiotic division. At anaphase 11, this last association is released, e ...
... the arms of sister chromatids is destroyed, allowing homologues that have undergone reciprocal exchange to move apart from each other. However, centromeric cohesion remains intact, facilitating proper segregation during the secondmeiotic division. At anaphase 11, this last association is released, e ...
Multiple origins of a major novelty: moveable abdominal lobes in
... lobes of T. putris (Fig. 5) indicate that the lobes in this species are also moveable. Ventral projection of the long setae in T. putris is probably produced, at least in part, by contraction of the medium-strong band of muscles running dorsally from the anterior margin of the sternite to tergite 4 ...
... lobes of T. putris (Fig. 5) indicate that the lobes in this species are also moveable. Ventral projection of the long setae in T. putris is probably produced, at least in part, by contraction of the medium-strong band of muscles running dorsally from the anterior margin of the sternite to tergite 4 ...
An Analytically Tractable Model for Competitive Speciation
... the genetically explicit version of the model, these forces act on two or three different traits, each of which is influenced by multiple loci. Our aim in this study is to gain a more thorough understanding of the phenomena in competitive speciation models by a systematic analytical treatment. To th ...
... the genetically explicit version of the model, these forces act on two or three different traits, each of which is influenced by multiple loci. Our aim in this study is to gain a more thorough understanding of the phenomena in competitive speciation models by a systematic analytical treatment. To th ...
THE GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATING MECHANISMS
... - 18°C) wherefrom they were liberated once daily for some minutes for feeding, In such a manner the males can be kept in good condition before they become ripe to mate; this usually takes two or three days before one may with great probability count upon the mating ability of a male, On the contrary ...
... - 18°C) wherefrom they were liberated once daily for some minutes for feeding, In such a manner the males can be kept in good condition before they become ripe to mate; this usually takes two or three days before one may with great probability count upon the mating ability of a male, On the contrary ...
CHAPTER 1
... But presumed uniqueness of ears does not guarantee uniqueness of prints, as many ears are only partly imprinted due to differences in elevation of the various parts. So the question that needs to be addressed is whether there is enough variation in earprints to be able to distinguish between prints ...
... But presumed uniqueness of ears does not guarantee uniqueness of prints, as many ears are only partly imprinted due to differences in elevation of the various parts. So the question that needs to be addressed is whether there is enough variation in earprints to be able to distinguish between prints ...
Frequency-Dependent Selection and the Evolution
... The fitness functions are assumed constant over time, so that the fitness of an individual remains the same as long as the genotypic frequencies remain constant but may change as the genotypic frequencies evolve. We use Equation 1 to derive a number of results without specifying the exact nature of ...
... The fitness functions are assumed constant over time, so that the fitness of an individual remains the same as long as the genotypic frequencies remain constant but may change as the genotypic frequencies evolve. We use Equation 1 to derive a number of results without specifying the exact nature of ...
ANIMAL GENETICS
... accumulated experience of countless generations of husbandmen, and out of his methods of trial and error the breeder has developed his wonderful art. But in this country at least the unit in animal-breeding is no longer inexpensive, stock-breeding is now a business enterprise besieged with difficult ...
... accumulated experience of countless generations of husbandmen, and out of his methods of trial and error the breeder has developed his wonderful art. But in this country at least the unit in animal-breeding is no longer inexpensive, stock-breeding is now a business enterprise besieged with difficult ...
1 Frequency-dependent selection and the evolution of assortative
... be sufficiently weak that they do not overpower the benefit of assortative mating that lies in the reduced frequency of heterozygotes among descendants. Potential costs of assortative mating include the energetic costs of searching for appropriate mates, the risk of rejecting all potential mates an ...
... be sufficiently weak that they do not overpower the benefit of assortative mating that lies in the reduced frequency of heterozygotes among descendants. Potential costs of assortative mating include the energetic costs of searching for appropriate mates, the risk of rejecting all potential mates an ...
Preparing for winter: Divergence in the summer–autumn hematological
... overlap. Reproductive activity in southern Ontario peaks in late January and early June (Thompson, 1977b). They are active throughout the winter, eating food items stored in hundreds of locations throughout their home range. Yellow-pine chipmunks are small (ca. 50 g), semifossorial, diurnal granivor ...
... overlap. Reproductive activity in southern Ontario peaks in late January and early June (Thompson, 1977b). They are active throughout the winter, eating food items stored in hundreds of locations throughout their home range. Yellow-pine chipmunks are small (ca. 50 g), semifossorial, diurnal granivor ...
Lifetime Reproductive Effort
... Vitt 1986). Because such interannual variation creates inaccuracy in measurements of average clutch size and number, as well as survival, LRE calculations for these taxa are inherently imprecise. Field measures of clutch number in tropical species of gecko must also come with a high degree of error. ...
... Vitt 1986). Because such interannual variation creates inaccuracy in measurements of average clutch size and number, as well as survival, LRE calculations for these taxa are inherently imprecise. Field measures of clutch number in tropical species of gecko must also come with a high degree of error. ...
Why hybrid males are sterile in Drosophila?
... effect in hybrids. Further, even in closely related species, the cause of hybrid male sterility may vary39. The X–Y interaction was found to play important role in hybrid male sterility in other species-pairs too. Orr28 has reanalysed hybrid sterility in D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis species-pa ...
... effect in hybrids. Further, even in closely related species, the cause of hybrid male sterility may vary39. The X–Y interaction was found to play important role in hybrid male sterility in other species-pairs too. Orr28 has reanalysed hybrid sterility in D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis species-pa ...
The X Chromosome in Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping
... As with standard interval mapping, we survey all singleQTL models contributing to the phenotype by considering a grid of genomic positions. At each putative locus we construct a likelihood-ratio test for the hypothesis of no linkage to the X chromosome. The likelihood is maximized under the null and ...
... As with standard interval mapping, we survey all singleQTL models contributing to the phenotype by considering a grid of genomic positions. At each putative locus we construct a likelihood-ratio test for the hypothesis of no linkage to the X chromosome. The likelihood is maximized under the null and ...
Positive Selection of Deleterious Alleles through Interaction with a
... Biomedical TB Research, US/MRC Centre for TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa, 7 Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands ...
... Biomedical TB Research, US/MRC Centre for TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa, 7 Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, The Netherlands ...
Sexual selection can constrain sympatric speciation
... deviate. This initial condition is implausible when selection is initially stabilizing, as we discussed in § 3. We chose this initial condition to maximize the potential for sympatric speciation, so the results are conservative in the sense that we expect sympatric speciation to be even less likely ...
... deviate. This initial condition is implausible when selection is initially stabilizing, as we discussed in § 3. We chose this initial condition to maximize the potential for sympatric speciation, so the results are conservative in the sense that we expect sympatric speciation to be even less likely ...
Selection and Adaptation of Fitness
... the molecular level, selection occurs when a certain allele become widespread because of its effect on the individuals. Understanding how and to what extent selection drives adaptive evolution remains a key challenge in evolutionary biology. Specifically, understanding how selection operates on phen ...
... the molecular level, selection occurs when a certain allele become widespread because of its effect on the individuals. Understanding how and to what extent selection drives adaptive evolution remains a key challenge in evolutionary biology. Specifically, understanding how selection operates on phen ...
of Gains in Beef Cattle
... Data on blood hemoglobin ( Tables 1 to 4) have been summarized in Table 3 and plotted in Figure 1. The average value at 500 pounds body weight is the same as the figure of 12.0 g. per 100 ml. given by Dukes (1943), and the value of 12.3 g. per 100 nil, at 800 pounds is only slightly higher. In beef ...
... Data on blood hemoglobin ( Tables 1 to 4) have been summarized in Table 3 and plotted in Figure 1. The average value at 500 pounds body weight is the same as the figure of 12.0 g. per 100 ml. given by Dukes (1943), and the value of 12.3 g. per 100 nil, at 800 pounds is only slightly higher. In beef ...
Imprinting of the Y Chromosome Influences Dosage Compensation
... produces an intermediate level of male survival. Males with both maternal and paternal Y chromosomes have very low survival, suggesting that the effect of the paternal Y chromosome is dominant. In spite of the widely held view that the Y chromosome has little genetic information or importance, Y chr ...
... produces an intermediate level of male survival. Males with both maternal and paternal Y chromosomes have very low survival, suggesting that the effect of the paternal Y chromosome is dominant. In spite of the widely held view that the Y chromosome has little genetic information or importance, Y chr ...
Swartzlander_ku_0099D_15051_DATA_1
... males; 7,11-HD in females). D. erecta has a similar profile in that the predominant female CHCs are longer and less saturated than those of the males (Jallon and David 1987). The predominance of 7-T in both sexes of D. simulans is the same in the sister species, D. mauritiana. These patterns of CHC ...
... males; 7,11-HD in females). D. erecta has a similar profile in that the predominant female CHCs are longer and less saturated than those of the males (Jallon and David 1987). The predominance of 7-T in both sexes of D. simulans is the same in the sister species, D. mauritiana. These patterns of CHC ...
11. NEW DATA
... over whatever between the two X chromosomes. Of the sixty percent of cases in which crossing over occurs, ten are between vermilion and sable. The remaining fifty percent of cases represent crossing over at one or more points in some other region of the X ; these ineffective crossovers plus the fort ...
... over whatever between the two X chromosomes. Of the sixty percent of cases in which crossing over occurs, ten are between vermilion and sable. The remaining fifty percent of cases represent crossing over at one or more points in some other region of the X ; these ineffective crossovers plus the fort ...
Universal scaling of production rates across mammalian lineages
... life-history traits among placentals, marsupials and monotremes reflect different ways that these three lineages have adapted to allocate time and energy to growth and development in order to maximize reproductive output. These differences reflect a complex combination of phylogenetic constraints ow ...
... life-history traits among placentals, marsupials and monotremes reflect different ways that these three lineages have adapted to allocate time and energy to growth and development in order to maximize reproductive output. These differences reflect a complex combination of phylogenetic constraints ow ...
View PDF - G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... chromosome (t-test, P , 0.001). However, the numbers varied widely among crosses due to variable mating efficiency. A total of 72.5% and 52.4% of crosses produced a minimum of 50 and 100 deficiencycarrying females, respectively, summed over replicates. The percentage of each chromosome arm covered is ...
... chromosome (t-test, P , 0.001). However, the numbers varied widely among crosses due to variable mating efficiency. A total of 72.5% and 52.4% of crosses produced a minimum of 50 and 100 deficiencycarrying females, respectively, summed over replicates. The percentage of each chromosome arm covered is ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Tychoparthenogenesis (or facultative parthenogenesis) refers to the occasional, spontaneous development of eggs without fertilization in animals. Occasional or facultative parthenogenesis is quite common: for example, it is found in at least ten insect orders and occurs with obligate parthenogenesis ...
... Tychoparthenogenesis (or facultative parthenogenesis) refers to the occasional, spontaneous development of eggs without fertilization in animals. Occasional or facultative parthenogenesis is quite common: for example, it is found in at least ten insect orders and occurs with obligate parthenogenesis ...
The love-darts of land snails: integrating physiology, morphology
... dart in increasing male reproductive success. Nevertheless, caution is needed when generalizing the use and effects of the love-dart, which are predominantly based on one model organism. ...
... dart in increasing male reproductive success. Nevertheless, caution is needed when generalizing the use and effects of the love-dart, which are predominantly based on one model organism. ...
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is a phenotypic differentiation between males and females of the same species. This differentiation happens in organisms who reproduce through sexual reproduction, with the prototypical example being for differences in characteristics of reproductive organs. Other possible examples are for secondary sex characteristics, body size, physical strength and morphology, ornamentation, behavior and other bodily traits. Traits such as ornamentation and breeding behavior found in only one sex imply that sexual selection over an extended period of time leads to sexual dimorphism.