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DNA and Technology Quiz
Name _______________________________
Block _______________________________
Complete the definitions.
1. Uracil
DNA has nucleotides with adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine.
What replaces thymine in RNA?
2. Heat-killing
A process of heating bacteria so that it is still alive but it cannot
reproduce.
3. Genome
Refers to all of an organism’s DNA.
4. Bacteriophage
A viruses that infect bacteria.
5. Southern Blot
Confirms a cloned gene.
6. Base-pairing rules
The rules stating that in DNA adenine on one strand always pairs
with a thymine on the opposite strand and guanine on one strand
always pairs with a cytosine on the opposite strand.
7. Complementary
Characteristic of nucleic acids in which the sequence of bases on
one strand determines the sequence of bases on the other.
8. DNA replication
The process of making a copy of DNA.
9. genetic engineering
The process of manipulating genes for practical purposes.
10. Vaccine
A substance that is prepared from killing or weakening
microorganisms and is reintroduced into the body to protect it from
further attacks.
11. Recombinant DNA
DNA made from two or more different organisms.
12. Restriction enzyme
A bacterial enzyme that recognize and bind to specific short
segments of DNA, and then cuts the DNA between specific
nucleotides within the segment.
13. Vector
An agent that is used to carry the gene of interest into another cell
such as a virus, yeast or plasmids.
14. Translation
The stage of gene expression in which the information in mRNA in
used to make a protein.
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15. Cloning
A process that results in the production of genetically identical cell
and or organism.
16. Nucleotide
Subunits of nucleic acids consisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar,
and a phosphate group.
17. Genetically Engineered
Vaccine
A process in which a genes that encodes a pathogen’s (disease
causing bacteria or virus) surface proteins are inserted into the
DNA of a harmless bacteria or virus. The modified harmless
bacteria or virus is then injected into a human to protect them from
the pathogen.
18. Gene Therapy
A technique that involves putting a healthy copy of a gene into the
cells of a person whose copy of the gene is defective.
19. DNA Fingerprinting A pattern of dark bands that results when an individual’s DNA
fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis.
20. Human Genome Project
The process of determining the nucleotide sequence of the entire
human genome and to map the location of every gene on each
chromosome by the year 2003.
21. Transformation
A change in phenotype caused when bacterial cells take up foreign
genetic material.
22. Transgenic Animals Animals that have foreign DNA in their cells.
23. Differentiated cell
A cell that has become specialized to become a specific type of cell
such as a liver cell.
24. Transformation
The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another; first
observed by Griffith.
25. Plasmids
Circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently of the
main chromosomes of bacteria.
26. Gene Expression
The entire process by which proteins are made based on the
information encoded in DNA.
27. Genetic Code
A sequence of nucleotides that specifies the amino acid sequence
of a protein or protein synthesis for example UUU AGU UUA
GAG.
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28. Ribosomal RNA
Type of RNA molecule that plays a structural role in ribosomes.
29. Protein
Organic compound made of amino acids.
30. Operator
Region of DNA that controls RNA polymerase’s access to a set of
genes with related functions.
For each of the important discoveries that led to our present knowledge of the
nature of genes described below, select the investigator(s) associated with each.
Frederick Griffith
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Gregor Mendle
Oswald Avery
Erwin Chargaff
Watson and Crick
31. Watson and Crick
The first to propose the double helix model to describe DNA
structure.
32. Hershey and Chase
The DNA of a phage was injected into the bacterial host, but the
protein coat stayed outside. The viral DNA directed the host to
replicate new phage viruses.
33. Avery
Chemicals from heat-killed S cells were purified. The chemicals
were tested for the ability to transform R cells. The transformation
agent was found to be DNA
34. Chargaff
In any DNA sample, the amount of adenine equals the amount of
thymine and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.
.
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DNA Fingerprinting Questions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Key
1 Control
2 Blood at the crime scene
3 Victim
4 Suspect 1
5 Suspect 2
6 Suspect 3
7 Suspect 4
35. ______________ Which suspect’s DNA fingerprint most closely matches the DNA
in the blood found at the crime scene?
A.
B.
C.
D.
36. C
Suspect 1
Suspect 2
Suspect 3
Suspect 4
Why was the DNA from the victim in the crime included in the
DNA fingerprint?
A. They might have killed themselves
B. Their identical twin might have killed them.
C. To determine if the DNA gathered at the crime scene belonged
to the victim.
D. OJ Simpson might have killed the victim.
37. B
Why was a control included in the DNA fingerprint?
A. The Supreme Court demands that it be included.
B. To ensure that the DNA fragments are moving as expected for
their size through the gel electrophoresis.
C. The DNA fragments needed someone to lead them in the right
direction.
D. Because it was suspected that OJ Simpson liked to wear
dresses.
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Multiple Choice. Please fill in the blank with the letter of the best answer.
38. C
All of the following elements are present in DNA EXCEPT:
A. nitrogen
B. carbon (sugar)
C. sulfur
D. phosphorous
39. C
For the sequence of bases on one strand of DNA, write the bases of
the complementary DNA Strand: TCGAACT
A. GATCCAG
B. CTAGGTC
C. AGCTTGA
D. TGCATTC
40. A
It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their
model that the DNA molecule could carry a vast amount of
hereditary information in its
A. sequence of bases
B. phosphate-sugar backbones
C. hydrogen bonds
D. different five-carbon sugars
41. C
In trying to determine whether DNA or protein was the genetic
material, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used which of the
following facts?
A. DNA does not contain sulfur, whereas protein does.
B. DNA contains phosphorous, but protein does not.
C. A and B are correct
D. None of the above are correct
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42. Draw a nucleotide and label its three parts in the space below.
Short Answer Questions
43.
What danger is avoided when using genetic engineering techniques to make
vaccines as compared to the conventional method used to make the original polo
vaccine?
When making traditional vaccines scientist weaken or kill a harmful virus or bacteria and
inject it into the body so that the person’s white blood cells will react to the surface
proteins of the harmful bacteria or virus and build antibodies against it. The problem is
that if the pathogen is not weakened enough or killed the person will get the pathogen
they are trying to build immunity against. GE vaccines take the gene for the surface
protein of a harmful virus or bacteria and inserted into harmless bacteria. Then they
insert of GM harmless bacteria in a person. The white blood cells of the person still react
to the surface proteins and build up antibodies but the danger of infecting the person with
the harmful pathogen has been side stepped.
44.
What is the goal of the Human Genome Project? Will the Human Genome
Project tell us what the function of each gene is?
Determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome
Map the location of every gene on each chromosome in humans by the year 2003.
HDP will only tell us the location of every gene not the function.
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45.
Describe the process of how proteins are synthesized from DNA using the
following words in your description: transcription, translation, DNA, RNA
polymerase, mRNA, tRNA, base-pairing rules, amino acids, nucleus,
cytoplasm and proteins.
1 point for each of the above words explained correctly. Worth a total of 11 pts.
Bonus Question 1 (0.5 per codon correctly decoded)
Using the genetic code chart, which amino acids does the following mRNA sequence
stand for?
AUGGCAGCGUCCUACUGA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Methionine
Alanine
Alanine
Serine
Tyrosine
Stop
Bonus Question 2 (3 pts)
Using 6 of your vocabulary words complete the comic on the next page.
Each vocabulary word used generally correctly gets 0.5 pts.
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