(pt=2) Define photosynthesis
... purple flowers. 25% of the seed produced by this cross produces pea plants with white flowers. What can you conclude about the genetic make-up of the parent plants in relation to flower color? ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________ ...
... purple flowers. 25% of the seed produced by this cross produces pea plants with white flowers. What can you conclude about the genetic make-up of the parent plants in relation to flower color? ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________ ...
Cellular Respiration
... – Producers convert light into chemical energy (glucose bonds) – Consumers eat/break bonds to release energy ...
... – Producers convert light into chemical energy (glucose bonds) – Consumers eat/break bonds to release energy ...
Microbial Metabolism
... Energy is often transferred from one molecule to another by oxidationreduction reactions. 1.Energy is transferred when electrons from a molecule being oxidized are shifted to a molecule being reduced. a. Oxidation is the removal of electrons b. Reduction is the gaining of electrons c. Oxidation and ...
... Energy is often transferred from one molecule to another by oxidationreduction reactions. 1.Energy is transferred when electrons from a molecule being oxidized are shifted to a molecule being reduced. a. Oxidation is the removal of electrons b. Reduction is the gaining of electrons c. Oxidation and ...
Cellular Respiration Explained
... Remember the notes on the way in which ATP is made. What is ATP? Where did we learn it was made? The answer is in the mitochondria of cells. The overall reaction is C6H12O6 + 6O2→6CO2+ 6H2O+ Energy (ATP+ Heat). Notice that oxygen is required. When oxygen is used, it is called aerobic respiration. AN ...
... Remember the notes on the way in which ATP is made. What is ATP? Where did we learn it was made? The answer is in the mitochondria of cells. The overall reaction is C6H12O6 + 6O2→6CO2+ 6H2O+ Energy (ATP+ Heat). Notice that oxygen is required. When oxygen is used, it is called aerobic respiration. AN ...
Respiration
... ! Free energy in glucose + O2 released through glycolysis, pyruvic acid oxidation, citric acid cycle ! Converted temporarily to free energy of NADH and FADH2 + O2 ! A fraction finally saved as free energy of ATP (and GTP) + H2O Next: how ATP is synthesized ...
... ! Free energy in glucose + O2 released through glycolysis, pyruvic acid oxidation, citric acid cycle ! Converted temporarily to free energy of NADH and FADH2 + O2 ! A fraction finally saved as free energy of ATP (and GTP) + H2O Next: how ATP is synthesized ...
Exam I Review - Iowa State University
... *c. Enzymes provide activation energy for the reaction they catalyze. d. Enzyme activity can be inhibited by a molecule that binds to the enzyme far from the active site. 96. Which statement or statements describe the role of the Golgi apparatus? It … a. modifies carbohydrates bound to proteins. b. ...
... *c. Enzymes provide activation energy for the reaction they catalyze. d. Enzyme activity can be inhibited by a molecule that binds to the enzyme far from the active site. 96. Which statement or statements describe the role of the Golgi apparatus? It … a. modifies carbohydrates bound to proteins. b. ...
SBI 4U Cellular Respiration Review Game2
... 2. What is oxidative phosphorylation? 3. What is substrate-level phosphorylation? 4. What 3 modifications occur to pyruvate in pyruvate oxidation? 5. Where does the Kreb’s Cycle occur in the cell? 6. How molecules of ATP are produced from NADH? 7. How molecules of ATP are produced from FADH2? 8. Whe ...
... 2. What is oxidative phosphorylation? 3. What is substrate-level phosphorylation? 4. What 3 modifications occur to pyruvate in pyruvate oxidation? 5. Where does the Kreb’s Cycle occur in the cell? 6. How molecules of ATP are produced from NADH? 7. How molecules of ATP are produced from FADH2? 8. Whe ...
CH395 G Exam 3 Fall 2004 - Multiple Choice 1. Which of the
... c. product inhibition of FADH2 d. phosphorylation of a serine residue on E2 e. dephosphorylation of a serine residue on E2 4. The citric acid cycle is an amphibolic pathway, meaning a. it is highly involved in the catabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids. b. it is highly involved in ...
... c. product inhibition of FADH2 d. phosphorylation of a serine residue on E2 e. dephosphorylation of a serine residue on E2 4. The citric acid cycle is an amphibolic pathway, meaning a. it is highly involved in the catabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids. b. it is highly involved in ...
Mass-Action Ratios!
... However, in biochemical processes, where reactions are often linked to other reactions, Le Chatelier's Princple must take on a more global view. Looking at the ratio above, if Glu-6-P rises, bringing the ratio above its "resting" or Keq state, equilibrium can be regained by shifting the reactions to ...
... However, in biochemical processes, where reactions are often linked to other reactions, Le Chatelier's Princple must take on a more global view. Looking at the ratio above, if Glu-6-P rises, bringing the ratio above its "resting" or Keq state, equilibrium can be regained by shifting the reactions to ...
Mitochondria Mitochondria are the organelles that function as the
... form of NAD+, and NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH. It forms NADP with the addition of a phosphate group to the 2' position of the adenosyl nucleotide through an ester linkage. Space-filling model of NADHNAD is used extensively in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. The re ...
... form of NAD+, and NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH. It forms NADP with the addition of a phosphate group to the 2' position of the adenosyl nucleotide through an ester linkage. Space-filling model of NADHNAD is used extensively in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. The re ...
CHAPTER 7 – COENZYMES AND VITAMINS CHAPTER SUMMARY
... 35. Ubiquinone (coenzyme ___) is lipid soluble and synthesized by almost all species. Its long hydrophobic chain allows it to dissolve into _______________, and its function is the transport of _______________ between membrane-embedded enzyme complexes. 36. Coenzyme Q is responsible for moving _____ ...
... 35. Ubiquinone (coenzyme ___) is lipid soluble and synthesized by almost all species. Its long hydrophobic chain allows it to dissolve into _______________, and its function is the transport of _______________ between membrane-embedded enzyme complexes. 36. Coenzyme Q is responsible for moving _____ ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation - Study in Universal Science College
... in the inner mitochondrial membrane as four protein – lipid respiratory chain complexes • Cytochrome c is the only soluble cytochrome & together with ubiquinone seems to be a mobile component connecting the more fixed complexes In simple outline, ETC involves the removal of hydrogen atoms from the o ...
... in the inner mitochondrial membrane as four protein – lipid respiratory chain complexes • Cytochrome c is the only soluble cytochrome & together with ubiquinone seems to be a mobile component connecting the more fixed complexes In simple outline, ETC involves the removal of hydrogen atoms from the o ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Citric acid cycle: in mitochondrial matrix, oxidizes pyruvate to create CO2 Oxidative phosphorylation: mitochondrial matrix, e-’s to O2 and H+ = H2O and synthesizes ATP ...
... Citric acid cycle: in mitochondrial matrix, oxidizes pyruvate to create CO2 Oxidative phosphorylation: mitochondrial matrix, e-’s to O2 and H+ = H2O and synthesizes ATP ...
Cellular Respiration Lecture Notes
... 2. Electrontransport chain accepts electrons from the breakdown of products during the first 2 stages 3. Passes electrons from one molecule to another 4. electrons combined with hydrogen ions 5. molecular oxygen to form water 6. energy released at each step of the chain is stored in mitochondria to ...
... 2. Electrontransport chain accepts electrons from the breakdown of products during the first 2 stages 3. Passes electrons from one molecule to another 4. electrons combined with hydrogen ions 5. molecular oxygen to form water 6. energy released at each step of the chain is stored in mitochondria to ...
Pyruvic acid is
... • One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively. ...
... • One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively. ...
Poster
... Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), which include human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, have the ability to differentiate into any cell type. Recently, scientists have developed new techniques to differentiate hPSC into rarer and more desired cell types which are useful for drug targe ...
... Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), which include human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, have the ability to differentiate into any cell type. Recently, scientists have developed new techniques to differentiate hPSC into rarer and more desired cell types which are useful for drug targe ...
13 respiration overview 9 30 05
... 3. Digestion vs Metabolism: catabolism and anabolism 4. What is a metabolic pathway? 5. Feedback regulation of pathways 6. Catabolic pathways - stepping down the oxidation series of carbon 7. Harvesting energy from redox reactions - substrate level phosphorylation ATP – reducing equivalent carriers ...
... 3. Digestion vs Metabolism: catabolism and anabolism 4. What is a metabolic pathway? 5. Feedback regulation of pathways 6. Catabolic pathways - stepping down the oxidation series of carbon 7. Harvesting energy from redox reactions - substrate level phosphorylation ATP – reducing equivalent carriers ...
BC 367 Biochemistry of the Cell I
... Binding of one ligand (noncovalently) influences the binding of another ligand to a different protein site. Allosteric enzymes are oligomers. ...
... Binding of one ligand (noncovalently) influences the binding of another ligand to a different protein site. Allosteric enzymes are oligomers. ...
Energetics and Catabolism
... - The hydrogens from NADH + H+ are transferred back onto the products of pyruvate, forming partly oxidized fermentation products. Most fermentations do not generate ATP beyond that produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. - Microbes compensate for the low efficiency of fermentation by consuming ...
... - The hydrogens from NADH + H+ are transferred back onto the products of pyruvate, forming partly oxidized fermentation products. Most fermentations do not generate ATP beyond that produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. - Microbes compensate for the low efficiency of fermentation by consuming ...
Enzymes: Introduction • Enzymes are catalysts which speed up the
... Enzymes work at optimal p H and temperature making them most environmentally friendly solution for industrial manufacturing. Enzymes are biodegradable and keep on working until they are dissolved usually by other enzymes. All enzymes are proteins but not all proteins are enzymes: Proteins a ...
... Enzymes work at optimal p H and temperature making them most environmentally friendly solution for industrial manufacturing. Enzymes are biodegradable and keep on working until they are dissolved usually by other enzymes. All enzymes are proteins but not all proteins are enzymes: Proteins a ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.