Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism
... 14. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate; acetyl; oxaloacetic acid; -ketoglutaric acid. 15. The optimum temperature for an enzyme is one that favors movement of molecules so the enzyme can "find" its substrate. Lower temperatures will decrease the rate of collisions and the rate of reactions. Increased temper ...
... 14. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate; acetyl; oxaloacetic acid; -ketoglutaric acid. 15. The optimum temperature for an enzyme is one that favors movement of molecules so the enzyme can "find" its substrate. Lower temperatures will decrease the rate of collisions and the rate of reactions. Increased temper ...
6 Energy
... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of phosphorylation and cellular respiration and used in man ...
... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of phosphorylation and cellular respiration and used in man ...
Respiration
... • RESPIRATION a process where organic (food) molecules are oxidized & broken down to release E • Glycolysis is the 1o source of e- for the citric acid and etransport chain ...
... • RESPIRATION a process where organic (food) molecules are oxidized & broken down to release E • Glycolysis is the 1o source of e- for the citric acid and etransport chain ...
Cellular Respiration - Chapter 8 (new book).
... “producers – plants, some bacteria) while other obtain their food molecules from other sources (heterotrophic – animals, fungi) ...
... “producers – plants, some bacteria) while other obtain their food molecules from other sources (heterotrophic – animals, fungi) ...
Energy Releasing Pathway
... The next two outcomes only happen if oxygen is present in the cell. ii. The NADH + H+ transported to the mitochondria and used in the electron transport chain. iii. The 2pyruvic acids are each combined to Co enzyme A (CoA) to go to the mitochondria and the Kreb’s cycle. ...
... The next two outcomes only happen if oxygen is present in the cell. ii. The NADH + H+ transported to the mitochondria and used in the electron transport chain. iii. The 2pyruvic acids are each combined to Co enzyme A (CoA) to go to the mitochondria and the Kreb’s cycle. ...
Name
... Answer in Note book 7.1 Overview of cell respiration 1) Contrast autotrophs with heterotrophs 2) Define cellular respiration 3) Define digestion 4) Define dehydrogenations 5) What are redox reactions? Why are they important in biological systems? 6) What is NADH? How does NAD+ become NADH? 7) Define ...
... Answer in Note book 7.1 Overview of cell respiration 1) Contrast autotrophs with heterotrophs 2) Define cellular respiration 3) Define digestion 4) Define dehydrogenations 5) What are redox reactions? Why are they important in biological systems? 6) What is NADH? How does NAD+ become NADH? 7) Define ...
Chapter 9
... Therefore, the respiration of each molecule of glucose causes the Krebs cycle to turn two times. • Pyruvate must first combine with coenzyme A (a vitamin) to form acetyl co-A, which does enter the Krebs cycle. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl co-A produces 2 molecules of NADH, 1 NADH for each py ...
... Therefore, the respiration of each molecule of glucose causes the Krebs cycle to turn two times. • Pyruvate must first combine with coenzyme A (a vitamin) to form acetyl co-A, which does enter the Krebs cycle. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl co-A produces 2 molecules of NADH, 1 NADH for each py ...
Poster
... Oxygen atom Zhao et. al. crystallized yHst2 with an inhibitor in the binding site to help them understand the mechanism of acetyl group transfer. All atoms in the normal substrate (NAD+) are the same as the atoms in the inhibitor except for one carbon.* ...
... Oxygen atom Zhao et. al. crystallized yHst2 with an inhibitor in the binding site to help them understand the mechanism of acetyl group transfer. All atoms in the normal substrate (NAD+) are the same as the atoms in the inhibitor except for one carbon.* ...
Kofaktörler - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... • Act as co-substrates for dehydrogenases • Reduction of NAD+/NADP+ and oxidation of NADH/NADPH occurs 2 e- at a time. • Function in hydride ion transfer • Rxns forming NADH/NADPH are catabolic • NADH is coupled with ATP production in mitochondria • NADPH is an impt reducing agent in biosynthetic re ...
... • Act as co-substrates for dehydrogenases • Reduction of NAD+/NADP+ and oxidation of NADH/NADPH occurs 2 e- at a time. • Function in hydride ion transfer • Rxns forming NADH/NADPH are catabolic • NADH is coupled with ATP production in mitochondria • NADPH is an impt reducing agent in biosynthetic re ...
Bacterial Metabolism
... • Reduction and oxidation reaction (LEO goes GER): – Oxidation: loss of electrons, or gain of oxygen, gives increase in oxidation number. – Reduction: gain of electrons, or loss of oxygen, gives decrease in oxidation number. ...
... • Reduction and oxidation reaction (LEO goes GER): – Oxidation: loss of electrons, or gain of oxygen, gives increase in oxidation number. – Reduction: gain of electrons, or loss of oxygen, gives decrease in oxidation number. ...
Metabolism
... as compounds other than primary compounds. A compound is classified as a secondary metabolite if it does not seem to directly function in the processes of growth and development. Even though secondary compounds are a normal part of the metabolism of an organism, they are often produced in specialize ...
... as compounds other than primary compounds. A compound is classified as a secondary metabolite if it does not seem to directly function in the processes of growth and development. Even though secondary compounds are a normal part of the metabolism of an organism, they are often produced in specialize ...
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
... Glycolysis • Series of chemical rxns catalyzed by specific enzymes to create pyruvic acid from 6carbon molecules 1. Phosphate groups are attached to glucose to form a 6-carbon molecule ...
... Glycolysis • Series of chemical rxns catalyzed by specific enzymes to create pyruvic acid from 6carbon molecules 1. Phosphate groups are attached to glucose to form a 6-carbon molecule ...
Biochemistry 3020 1. The consumption of
... deficiency of glucose in the blood, a condition known as hypoglycemia The first step in the metabolism of ethanol by the liver is oxidation to acetaldehyde, catalyzed by liver alcohol dehydrogenase: CH3CH2OH + NAD+ → CH3CHO + NADH + H+ Explain how this reaction inhibits the transformation of lactate ...
... deficiency of glucose in the blood, a condition known as hypoglycemia The first step in the metabolism of ethanol by the liver is oxidation to acetaldehyde, catalyzed by liver alcohol dehydrogenase: CH3CH2OH + NAD+ → CH3CHO + NADH + H+ Explain how this reaction inhibits the transformation of lactate ...
Review: Thermodynamics and Cell Respiration
... 18. What happens to the 6 carbon glucose molecule in aerobic respiration? Alcoholic fermentation? Lactic acid fermentation? ...
... 18. What happens to the 6 carbon glucose molecule in aerobic respiration? Alcoholic fermentation? Lactic acid fermentation? ...
How much ATP is produced in this cycle?
... Absorb certain wavelengths of light while reflecting others. ...
... Absorb certain wavelengths of light while reflecting others. ...
Slide 1
... resonance stabilized because of competition with adjacent bridging anhydrides – charge density greater on reactants than products ...
... resonance stabilized because of competition with adjacent bridging anhydrides – charge density greater on reactants than products ...
October 17 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. C) NAD+ is reduced by the action of hydrogenases. D) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. E) In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function. ...
... B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. C) NAD+ is reduced by the action of hydrogenases. D) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. E) In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function. ...
Cell Respiration II: Fermentation reactions
... production still needs to occur for life to continue. Fermentation reactions allow ATP to be produced and pyruvate (or its derivative) becomes the terminal electron acceptor freeing NAD coenzyme to recycle back to oxidizing (breaking down) food molecules ...
... production still needs to occur for life to continue. Fermentation reactions allow ATP to be produced and pyruvate (or its derivative) becomes the terminal electron acceptor freeing NAD coenzyme to recycle back to oxidizing (breaking down) food molecules ...
050907
... • Why is it so difficult? – Vesicles have to fuse with the plasma membrane at the right place/time – Physically: mixing of polar headgroups and hydrophobic regions • “Unstable void space” figure 11-25 ...
... • Why is it so difficult? – Vesicles have to fuse with the plasma membrane at the right place/time – Physically: mixing of polar headgroups and hydrophobic regions • “Unstable void space” figure 11-25 ...
NADH-coupled ATPase assay Make the following stock solutions
... If a reaction ends (i.e., runs out of NADH) in < 10 min, it may be approaching the maximal rate of the PK and LDH enzymes, and therefore, they may become rate limiting. In this case, the reaction needs to be adjusted to increase the time domain. If the reaction cannot be slowed, the PK and LDH enz ...
... If a reaction ends (i.e., runs out of NADH) in < 10 min, it may be approaching the maximal rate of the PK and LDH enzymes, and therefore, they may become rate limiting. In this case, the reaction needs to be adjusted to increase the time domain. If the reaction cannot be slowed, the PK and LDH enz ...
Cellular Energetics
... • As NADH and FADH2 are oxidized, H+ inside the mitochondrial matrix is transported to the intermembrane space. This creates a proton-motive force and H+ moves back across the membrane thru ATP synthase and ATP is produced ...
... • As NADH and FADH2 are oxidized, H+ inside the mitochondrial matrix is transported to the intermembrane space. This creates a proton-motive force and H+ moves back across the membrane thru ATP synthase and ATP is produced ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.