Metabolic pathways
... • Lack enzymes to perform the TCA cycle. Often use lactose as the input sugar (found in milk) ...
... • Lack enzymes to perform the TCA cycle. Often use lactose as the input sugar (found in milk) ...
Key Terms:
... How is respiration commonly regulated? Why might a cell want to slow down respiration? Lecture Outline: Anaerobic Metabolism recall that in glycolysis no oxygen required 2 ATP generated (net) per glucose but there's an NAD+/NADH problem! continuous running of glycolysis will use up all of your NAD ...
... How is respiration commonly regulated? Why might a cell want to slow down respiration? Lecture Outline: Anaerobic Metabolism recall that in glycolysis no oxygen required 2 ATP generated (net) per glucose but there's an NAD+/NADH problem! continuous running of glycolysis will use up all of your NAD ...
Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration
... If molecular oxygen is present……. Each pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA (begin w/ 2): CO2 is released; NAD+ --> NADH; coenzyme A (from B vitamin), makes molecule very reactive From this point, each turn 2 C atoms enter (pyruvate) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cyc ...
... If molecular oxygen is present……. Each pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA (begin w/ 2): CO2 is released; NAD+ --> NADH; coenzyme A (from B vitamin), makes molecule very reactive From this point, each turn 2 C atoms enter (pyruvate) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cyc ...
Biology Name_____________________________________
... information, graphic organizers not only help categorize facts but serve as a memory aid. You will make a graphic organizer that will serve as a study aid for this chapter. Your organizer must include symbols, pictures, diagrams, charts, etc. Do not simply put the words on a piece of paper. This ass ...
... information, graphic organizers not only help categorize facts but serve as a memory aid. You will make a graphic organizer that will serve as a study aid for this chapter. Your organizer must include symbols, pictures, diagrams, charts, etc. Do not simply put the words on a piece of paper. This ass ...
Respiratory Substrates
... • Number of hydrogen atoms per mole accepted by NAD then used in electron transport chain is slightly more than the number of hydrogen atoms per mole of glucose, so proteins release slightly more energy than equivalent masses of glucose ...
... • Number of hydrogen atoms per mole accepted by NAD then used in electron transport chain is slightly more than the number of hydrogen atoms per mole of glucose, so proteins release slightly more energy than equivalent masses of glucose ...
Lecture 8 - People Server at UNCW
... • Examine neural control of breathing • Respiratory centers in the brain • Peripheral input to respirator centers ...
... • Examine neural control of breathing • Respiratory centers in the brain • Peripheral input to respirator centers ...
STAAR Review 1
... a. composed of building blocks called amino acids b. insoluble in water and are used by the body for energy storage and insulation c. complex biomolecules that store genetic information d. organic compounds used by cells to store and release energy ...
... a. composed of building blocks called amino acids b. insoluble in water and are used by the body for energy storage and insulation c. complex biomolecules that store genetic information d. organic compounds used by cells to store and release energy ...
Fatty oxidation, Amino acid degradation and energy metabolism
... 15. Name the enzymes defective in phenyl ketonuria and alcaptonuria. 16. Why do diabetic patients feel so thirsty? Some time their breath has acetone smell. What is the reason? 17. In amino acid catabolism, the first reaction for many amino acids is a(n): a. ...
... 15. Name the enzymes defective in phenyl ketonuria and alcaptonuria. 16. Why do diabetic patients feel so thirsty? Some time their breath has acetone smell. What is the reason? 17. In amino acid catabolism, the first reaction for many amino acids is a(n): a. ...
View/Open - Oregon State University
... 1. Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway for the breakdown (catabolism) of glucose and related sugars. The pathway requires two ATPs to start the process and generates 4 ATPS (for a net of two ATPs) per glucose. Also generated during glycolysis are two NADH and two molecules of pyruvate. 2. The two NADH ...
... 1. Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway for the breakdown (catabolism) of glucose and related sugars. The pathway requires two ATPs to start the process and generates 4 ATPS (for a net of two ATPs) per glucose. Also generated during glycolysis are two NADH and two molecules of pyruvate. 2. The two NADH ...
File - Mrs Jones A
... amino acids which can be respired Some can be converted to pyruvate, or acetate and then is carried to Krebs cycle Some can enter Krebs directly Number of hydrogen atoms per mole accepted by NAD then used in electron transport chain is slightly more than the number of hydrogen atoms per mole of gluc ...
... amino acids which can be respired Some can be converted to pyruvate, or acetate and then is carried to Krebs cycle Some can enter Krebs directly Number of hydrogen atoms per mole accepted by NAD then used in electron transport chain is slightly more than the number of hydrogen atoms per mole of gluc ...
1 BIOCHEMISTRY All organic compounds must contain and Are the
... b) One enzyme can facilitate the reaction of many different substrates c) Enzymes are not required for spontaneous reactions d) Not all catalysts are enzymes e) The active site of an enzyme will denature at high temperatures 4) What are the components of nucleotides? a) Glycerols, fatty acids and ph ...
... b) One enzyme can facilitate the reaction of many different substrates c) Enzymes are not required for spontaneous reactions d) Not all catalysts are enzymes e) The active site of an enzyme will denature at high temperatures 4) What are the components of nucleotides? a) Glycerols, fatty acids and ph ...
Lecture 16
... from the removal of a hydrogen atom with its electron, not just the proton AH2 and A together constitute a conjugate redox pair that can reduce another compound, B, or redox pair (B/BH2) by transfer of hydrogen atoms: AH2 + B A + BH2 ...
... from the removal of a hydrogen atom with its electron, not just the proton AH2 and A together constitute a conjugate redox pair that can reduce another compound, B, or redox pair (B/BH2) by transfer of hydrogen atoms: AH2 + B A + BH2 ...
Recitation 3 - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... • energy is neither created or destroyed, when energy is converted form one form to another form the total energy before and after the conversion is the same. • When energy is transformed, some forms are unavailable to work with, lost as heat ...
... • energy is neither created or destroyed, when energy is converted form one form to another form the total energy before and after the conversion is the same. • When energy is transformed, some forms are unavailable to work with, lost as heat ...
Chapter 7 - Coenzymes
... There are other groups that contribute to the reactivity of enzymes beside amino acid residues. These groups are called cofactors - chemicals required by apoenzymes (inactive) to become holoenzymes (active). There are two types of cofactors: 1) essential ions - metal ions -inorganic 2) coenzymes - o ...
... There are other groups that contribute to the reactivity of enzymes beside amino acid residues. These groups are called cofactors - chemicals required by apoenzymes (inactive) to become holoenzymes (active). There are two types of cofactors: 1) essential ions - metal ions -inorganic 2) coenzymes - o ...
Enzyme_Classificn
... ENZYME CLASSIFICATION ANSWERS TO IN-CLASS EXERCISE (1) TRANSFERASE (HEXOKINASE) (2) OXIDOREDUCTASE (ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE) (3) HYDROLASE (ATPase) (4) LYASE (PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE) (5) LIGASE (PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) (6) ISOMERASE (MALEATE ISOMERASE) (7) HYDROLASE (PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE ...
... ENZYME CLASSIFICATION ANSWERS TO IN-CLASS EXERCISE (1) TRANSFERASE (HEXOKINASE) (2) OXIDOREDUCTASE (ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE) (3) HYDROLASE (ATPase) (4) LYASE (PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE) (5) LIGASE (PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) (6) ISOMERASE (MALEATE ISOMERASE) (7) HYDROLASE (PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE ...
1 of 3 Biochemistry Final exam Block 3, 2008 Name Answer all of
... (a) At rest, plenty of O2 is being delivered to the muscle, and pyruvate formed during glycolysis is oxidized to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Acetyl groups then enter the citric acid cycle and are oxidized to CO2. (b) Under the conditions of all-out exertion, skeletal muscle can ...
... (a) At rest, plenty of O2 is being delivered to the muscle, and pyruvate formed during glycolysis is oxidized to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Acetyl groups then enter the citric acid cycle and are oxidized to CO2. (b) Under the conditions of all-out exertion, skeletal muscle can ...
The Fermentation of Pyruvate
... ªReview: In the process of glycolysis, a net profit of two ATP was produced, two NAD+ were reduced to two NADH + H+, and glucose was split into two pyruvate molecules. ªWhen oxygen is not present, pyruvate will undergo a process called fermentation. In the process of fermentation the NADH + H+ fro ...
... ªReview: In the process of glycolysis, a net profit of two ATP was produced, two NAD+ were reduced to two NADH + H+, and glucose was split into two pyruvate molecules. ªWhen oxygen is not present, pyruvate will undergo a process called fermentation. In the process of fermentation the NADH + H+ fro ...
Biochemical Pathways – Legends General Remarks for
... triphosphates takes place in Lactobacillus leichmannii. In E. coli, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase may be replaced by glutaredoxin, glutathione reductase and by glutathione. 35) The enzymes are induced in T-even-phage-infected E. coli. 36) Pancreas DNase I splits this way. The Streptococcus e ...
... triphosphates takes place in Lactobacillus leichmannii. In E. coli, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase may be replaced by glutaredoxin, glutathione reductase and by glutathione. 35) The enzymes are induced in T-even-phage-infected E. coli. 36) Pancreas DNase I splits this way. The Streptococcus e ...
Review 3
... (deoxy)ribonucleotides • Carbamoyl phosphate and urea • Pyruvate, oxaloacetate, a-ketoglutarate • PRPP ...
... (deoxy)ribonucleotides • Carbamoyl phosphate and urea • Pyruvate, oxaloacetate, a-ketoglutarate • PRPP ...
Document
... • During Glycolysis, NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH (the two, 3-carbon molecules are oxidized) • In fermentation, then we need to OXIDIZE it back to NAD+, so Pyruvate is REDUCED and forms lactic acid • This LOWERS your muscle pH and causes ‘fatigue’ because your muscles don’t function as well at lower pH ...
... • During Glycolysis, NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH (the two, 3-carbon molecules are oxidized) • In fermentation, then we need to OXIDIZE it back to NAD+, so Pyruvate is REDUCED and forms lactic acid • This LOWERS your muscle pH and causes ‘fatigue’ because your muscles don’t function as well at lower pH ...
Pre AP Bio Nov 8 2016
... • During Glycolysis, NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH (the two, 3-carbon molecules are oxidized) • In fermentation, then we need to OXIDIZE it back to NAD+, so Pyruvate is REDUCED and forms lactic acid • This LOWERS your muscle pH and causes ‘fatigue’ because your muscles don’t function as well at lower pH ...
... • During Glycolysis, NAD+ is REDUCED to NADH (the two, 3-carbon molecules are oxidized) • In fermentation, then we need to OXIDIZE it back to NAD+, so Pyruvate is REDUCED and forms lactic acid • This LOWERS your muscle pH and causes ‘fatigue’ because your muscles don’t function as well at lower pH ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.