Practice Exam 3
... ___ pyruvate kinase Name the two enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which ATP is consumed? __________________________________________ Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which NADH is produced? _____________________ Which enzyme converts G3P into 1,3 BPG? __________________________ Name two enzyme ...
... ___ pyruvate kinase Name the two enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which ATP is consumed? __________________________________________ Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which NADH is produced? _____________________ Which enzyme converts G3P into 1,3 BPG? __________________________ Name two enzyme ...
Practice Exam 3 Answers
... ___ pyruvate kinase Name the two enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which ATP is consumed? __________________________________________ Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which NADH is produced? _____________________ Which enzyme converts G3P into 1,3 BPG? __________________________ Name two enzyme ...
... ___ pyruvate kinase Name the two enzymes that catalyze a reaction in which ATP is consumed? __________________________________________ Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which NADH is produced? _____________________ Which enzyme converts G3P into 1,3 BPG? __________________________ Name two enzyme ...
Cell Respiration Outline | Date: Mitochondrion • Structure o Double
... Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain – H+ and electrons join O2 to form water. ...
... Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain – H+ and electrons join O2 to form water. ...
Anaerobic respiration
... Oxidative phosphorylation, the ‘end’ process of the electron transport chain, uses oxygen as its final electron acceptor. This means that when oxygen is not present, the electron transport chain stops, and Krebs cycle (and the link reaction) must also stop too. This leaves only the anaerobic process ...
... Oxidative phosphorylation, the ‘end’ process of the electron transport chain, uses oxygen as its final electron acceptor. This means that when oxygen is not present, the electron transport chain stops, and Krebs cycle (and the link reaction) must also stop too. This leaves only the anaerobic process ...
Ubiquinone
... containing paracrystalline structures. • This lysyl-tRNA mutation is also one of the causes of adult-onset (type II) diabetes. ...
... containing paracrystalline structures. • This lysyl-tRNA mutation is also one of the causes of adult-onset (type II) diabetes. ...
Anaerobic Fermentation
... Remaining C and O released as 2CO2 1 ATP is produced Oxaloacetate is reformed Cycle runs one time for each pyruvate ...
... Remaining C and O released as 2CO2 1 ATP is produced Oxaloacetate is reformed Cycle runs one time for each pyruvate ...
Chapter 9: Fermentation
... •Both use NAD+ as an electron acceptor. •In fermentation, the electrons of NADH are passed to an organic molecule, regenerating NAD+. • In respiration, the electrons of NADH are ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. •In addition, even more ATP is generated from the o ...
... •Both use NAD+ as an electron acceptor. •In fermentation, the electrons of NADH are passed to an organic molecule, regenerating NAD+. • In respiration, the electrons of NADH are ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. •In addition, even more ATP is generated from the o ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... • Both NAD+ and NADP+ are coenzymes for many dehydrogenases in cytosol and mitochondria • NAD+ is involved in oxidoreduction reactions in oxidative pathways. • NADP+ is involved mostly in reductive biosynthesis. ...
... • Both NAD+ and NADP+ are coenzymes for many dehydrogenases in cytosol and mitochondria • NAD+ is involved in oxidoreduction reactions in oxidative pathways. • NADP+ is involved mostly in reductive biosynthesis. ...
Cellular Respiration
... Glucose (sugar) provides energy. Monosaccharides and Dissacharides structures usually give quick energy. Polysaccharide structure is mainly used for storage and structure. Glucose is obtained from and/or produced by plants The Cell and the Mitochondria ...
... Glucose (sugar) provides energy. Monosaccharides and Dissacharides structures usually give quick energy. Polysaccharide structure is mainly used for storage and structure. Glucose is obtained from and/or produced by plants The Cell and the Mitochondria ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... Transfer reactions by enzymes 1. Oxidation-reduction reactions – transfer of electrons 2. Aminotransferases – convert one type of amino acid to another by transferring an amino group 3. Phosphotransferases – transfer phosphate groups, involved in energy transfer 4. Methyltransferases – move methyl ...
... Transfer reactions by enzymes 1. Oxidation-reduction reactions – transfer of electrons 2. Aminotransferases – convert one type of amino acid to another by transferring an amino group 3. Phosphotransferases – transfer phosphate groups, involved in energy transfer 4. Methyltransferases – move methyl ...
New Reaction Chemistries
... CF3 methylation CF3./radical SAM’s/CF3CO2H CF3./Hybrid/chimeric enzymes Modular/Non-covalent ...
... CF3 methylation CF3./radical SAM’s/CF3CO2H CF3./Hybrid/chimeric enzymes Modular/Non-covalent ...
Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... breakdown of glucose as a spontaneous reaction?? – Hint: TNT, Gasoline • How does the cell prevent this problem? – Does not release energy all at once – Multi- step process catalyzed by specific enzymes ...
... breakdown of glucose as a spontaneous reaction?? – Hint: TNT, Gasoline • How does the cell prevent this problem? – Does not release energy all at once – Multi- step process catalyzed by specific enzymes ...
What is metabolism? The sum of all chemical reactions that occur as
... NADH and restores the empty electron carriers, NAD + . NAD + is needed for glycolysis (which provides a net yield of 2ATP). ...
... NADH and restores the empty electron carriers, NAD + . NAD + is needed for glycolysis (which provides a net yield of 2ATP). ...
3 " ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ - 1 - G 2 ¢ 2 2 – 1. Biological catalysts are (A
... (A) it shuttles NADH across the mitochondrial membrane to yield 2.5 ATP / NADH. (B) it shuttles the electrons from NADH across the mitochondrial membrane to FADH2, yielding 1.5 ATP / NADH. (C) it only operates efficiently at high levels of NADH. (D) malate is a key component in the shuttle process. ...
... (A) it shuttles NADH across the mitochondrial membrane to yield 2.5 ATP / NADH. (B) it shuttles the electrons from NADH across the mitochondrial membrane to FADH2, yielding 1.5 ATP / NADH. (C) it only operates efficiently at high levels of NADH. (D) malate is a key component in the shuttle process. ...
Week 4
... ATP formation • Driving force- electrochemical proton gradient = “proton-motive force” • Electrochemical gradient is made up of membrane potential + proton gradient (syn. pH gradient) • see Figure 13-12 ...
... ATP formation • Driving force- electrochemical proton gradient = “proton-motive force” • Electrochemical gradient is made up of membrane potential + proton gradient (syn. pH gradient) • see Figure 13-12 ...
Week 4
... ATP formation • Driving force- electrochemical proton gradient = “proton-motive force” • Electrochemical gradient is made up of membrane potential + proton gradient (syn. pH gradient) • see Figure 13-12 ...
... ATP formation • Driving force- electrochemical proton gradient = “proton-motive force” • Electrochemical gradient is made up of membrane potential + proton gradient (syn. pH gradient) • see Figure 13-12 ...
Fermentation and Cellular Respiration 1. Define: Glycolysis
... 21. The catabolism of organic acids. Energy is released as carboxyl groups are removed from these organic acids, and much of this energy is eventually made available for use within the cell (in the form of ATP). / This pathway can also be used to synthesize organic acids. Many of the reactions of th ...
... 21. The catabolism of organic acids. Energy is released as carboxyl groups are removed from these organic acids, and much of this energy is eventually made available for use within the cell (in the form of ATP). / This pathway can also be used to synthesize organic acids. Many of the reactions of th ...
Cellular Respiration
... Krebs cycle-happens in matrix of mitochondria Electron transport and oxidative phophorylation-cristae ...
... Krebs cycle-happens in matrix of mitochondria Electron transport and oxidative phophorylation-cristae ...
Catabolic Pathways and Glycolysis
... Redox reactions power the production of ATP – Redox Review • Reduction - the gain of negative charge on an atom as it becomes more negative – can occur through transfer of an e- or through unequal sharing of the e– the atom or molecule that donates the charge is the reducing agent – atoms rich in H ...
... Redox reactions power the production of ATP – Redox Review • Reduction - the gain of negative charge on an atom as it becomes more negative – can occur through transfer of an e- or through unequal sharing of the e– the atom or molecule that donates the charge is the reducing agent – atoms rich in H ...
Chemolithotrophs
... inorganic electron donor for energy and electrons. • Chemolithotrophs: reduced inorganic electron donor for energy and electrons. • Phototrophs: use light energy and an electron donor molecule (H2O, H2S, organic). • Both may be autotrophs: fix CO2 into organic carbon via the Calvin Cycle. ...
... inorganic electron donor for energy and electrons. • Chemolithotrophs: reduced inorganic electron donor for energy and electrons. • Phototrophs: use light energy and an electron donor molecule (H2O, H2S, organic). • Both may be autotrophs: fix CO2 into organic carbon via the Calvin Cycle. ...
Name: Date: Concept Check Questions Chapter 9 Cellular
... 1. In the following redox reaction, which compound is oxidized and which is reduced? ...
... 1. In the following redox reaction, which compound is oxidized and which is reduced? ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.