notes for cell resp - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... c. electron transport chain 3. Eukaryotes- glycolysis- outside mitochondria, rest associated with matrix or plasma membrane of mitochondria. 4. Prokaryotes- steps occur either in the cytosol or inner surface of the plasma membrane C. If oxygen is not present 1. Glycolysis 2. Fermentation lactic ac ...
... c. electron transport chain 3. Eukaryotes- glycolysis- outside mitochondria, rest associated with matrix or plasma membrane of mitochondria. 4. Prokaryotes- steps occur either in the cytosol or inner surface of the plasma membrane C. If oxygen is not present 1. Glycolysis 2. Fermentation lactic ac ...
Step 1: Hexokinase
... • Reading for Friday, Feb. 23 on integration of metabolism: 258-262 • Reading for Monday, Feb. 26 on respiration: 265-271 • Homework due Monday, Feb. 26: Problem 9-5 – Convert all concentrations to M, and your answer will be in M. – Don’t worry about [H+] – use equations as given in problem. – Deter ...
... • Reading for Friday, Feb. 23 on integration of metabolism: 258-262 • Reading for Monday, Feb. 26 on respiration: 265-271 • Homework due Monday, Feb. 26: Problem 9-5 – Convert all concentrations to M, and your answer will be in M. – Don’t worry about [H+] – use equations as given in problem. – Deter ...
Fermentation - Sacred Heart Academy
... • Fermentation is a way of harvesting chemical energy that does not require oxygen. Fermentation – takes advantage of glycolysis, – produces two ATP molecules per glucose, and – reduces NAD+ to NADH. ...
... • Fermentation is a way of harvesting chemical energy that does not require oxygen. Fermentation – takes advantage of glycolysis, – produces two ATP molecules per glucose, and – reduces NAD+ to NADH. ...
Glycolysis Quiz
... 6. Where does glycolysis occur in the cell? (a) mitochondrial matrix (b) mitochondrial cristae (c) cytoplasm (d) chloroplast ...
... 6. Where does glycolysis occur in the cell? (a) mitochondrial matrix (b) mitochondrial cristae (c) cytoplasm (d) chloroplast ...
Anaerobic Respiration - University of Indianapolis
... is the final electron acceptor. • For example, some bacteria, called nitrate reducers, can transfer electrons to nitrate (NO3-) reducing it to nitrite (NO2-). • Less efficient: usually 30-34 ATPs per glucose molecule. ...
... is the final electron acceptor. • For example, some bacteria, called nitrate reducers, can transfer electrons to nitrate (NO3-) reducing it to nitrite (NO2-). • Less efficient: usually 30-34 ATPs per glucose molecule. ...
READ MORE - MindBody Medicine Center
... It is clear to see how important NADH is for the body as it is involved in every bodily function and catalyzes more than a thousand metabolic reactions in the organs and tissues. The heart u ...
... It is clear to see how important NADH is for the body as it is involved in every bodily function and catalyzes more than a thousand metabolic reactions in the organs and tissues. The heart u ...
In silico aided metaoblic engineering of Saccharomyces
... can be redirected towards ethanol by increasing the consumption of ATP for biomass production or reducing the amount of ATP formed in association with ethanol production. (Nissen et al. 2000) • Deletion of the structural genes in glycerol biosynthesis is not a successful strategy. • The maximum spec ...
... can be redirected towards ethanol by increasing the consumption of ATP for biomass production or reducing the amount of ATP formed in association with ethanol production. (Nissen et al. 2000) • Deletion of the structural genes in glycerol biosynthesis is not a successful strategy. • The maximum spec ...
Cellular Respiration Part 3
... ▫ Carbon atom is removed (3C to 2C) and released as CO2 ▫ 2C compound is oxidized while NAD+ is reduced to NADH ▫ Coenzyme A joins with 2C to form acetyl co-A ...
... ▫ Carbon atom is removed (3C to 2C) and released as CO2 ▫ 2C compound is oxidized while NAD+ is reduced to NADH ▫ Coenzyme A joins with 2C to form acetyl co-A ...
Review 1 - Allen ISD
... a. composed of building blocks called amino acids b. insoluble in water and are used by the body for energy storage and insulation c. complex biomolecules that store genetic information d. organic compounds used by cells to store and release energy ...
... a. composed of building blocks called amino acids b. insoluble in water and are used by the body for energy storage and insulation c. complex biomolecules that store genetic information d. organic compounds used by cells to store and release energy ...
nucleic acids
... a. composed of building blocks called amino acids b. insoluble in water and are used by the body for energy storage and insulation c. complex biomolecules that store genetic information d. organic compounds used by cells to store and release energy ...
... a. composed of building blocks called amino acids b. insoluble in water and are used by the body for energy storage and insulation c. complex biomolecules that store genetic information d. organic compounds used by cells to store and release energy ...
Cell Respiration ch. 9
... CO2 is released; NAD+ ---> NADH; In each turn 2 C atoms enter (Acetyl CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 (riboflavin, B vitamin); 1 ATP molecule ...
... CO2 is released; NAD+ ---> NADH; In each turn 2 C atoms enter (Acetyl CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 (riboflavin, B vitamin); 1 ATP molecule ...
Ch 9 Notes Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... electronegative, so it acts like an electron magnet. LEO = Lose Electrons Oxidation ...
... electronegative, so it acts like an electron magnet. LEO = Lose Electrons Oxidation ...
Study Guide and Potential Essay Questions for Chapter 25
... hypothermia, Krebs’ cycle (TCA or citric acid cycle), lactic acid (lactate), metabolic rate, metabolic water, metabolism, minerals, mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane, NAD+/NADH + H+, nutrient, oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate-to-acetate step, reduction, substrate level phosphoryl ...
... hypothermia, Krebs’ cycle (TCA or citric acid cycle), lactic acid (lactate), metabolic rate, metabolic water, metabolism, minerals, mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane, NAD+/NADH + H+, nutrient, oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate-to-acetate step, reduction, substrate level phosphoryl ...
CH 9 PowerPoint
... Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+, is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, since it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups: with one nucleotide containing an adenosine ring, and the other containing nicotinamide. In metabolism, NAD+ i ...
... Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+, is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, since it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups: with one nucleotide containing an adenosine ring, and the other containing nicotinamide. In metabolism, NAD+ i ...
METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
... ATP ADP + P + 35 kJ/mole (8.4 kcal/mol) (4.184 J = 1 calorie) (turnover is very high estimates are that during strenuous exercise the body makes and uses as much as 1 kg ATP every 2 minutes) structures of ATP, ADP and AMP 2820 / 35 = 80.6 ATP’s could be synthesized (if 100% energy transfer) ...
... ATP ADP + P + 35 kJ/mole (8.4 kcal/mol) (4.184 J = 1 calorie) (turnover is very high estimates are that during strenuous exercise the body makes and uses as much as 1 kg ATP every 2 minutes) structures of ATP, ADP and AMP 2820 / 35 = 80.6 ATP’s could be synthesized (if 100% energy transfer) ...
coenzymes and cofactors
... coenzymes are organic molecules that are required by certain enzymes to carry out catalysis. They bind to the active site of the enzyme and participate in catalysis but are not considered substrates of the reaction. coenzymes often function as intermediate carriers of electrons, specific atoms o ...
... coenzymes are organic molecules that are required by certain enzymes to carry out catalysis. They bind to the active site of the enzyme and participate in catalysis but are not considered substrates of the reaction. coenzymes often function as intermediate carriers of electrons, specific atoms o ...
Exam 4
... 30. A major diving force in PEP carboxykinase is: a. NADPH. b. dATP. c. GTP. d. ATP. e. cAMP Written Answer Questions: 1. Diagram epinephrin activation of Ca++ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Be sure to label all the parts of your diagram. (7 points) ...
... 30. A major diving force in PEP carboxykinase is: a. NADPH. b. dATP. c. GTP. d. ATP. e. cAMP Written Answer Questions: 1. Diagram epinephrin activation of Ca++ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Be sure to label all the parts of your diagram. (7 points) ...
Biology-1 Exam Two Sample Questions Substrates bind to an
... 2. Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false? a. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape. b. Enzymes are very specific for certain substrates. c. Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions. d. Enzymes emerge unchanged from the reactions they catalyze. e. ...
... 2. Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false? a. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape. b. Enzymes are very specific for certain substrates. c. Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions. d. Enzymes emerge unchanged from the reactions they catalyze. e. ...
KREBS CYCLE Definition Krebs cycle (aka tricarboxylic acid cycle
... converted to succinyl-CoA. CO2 and NADH are produced. ...
... converted to succinyl-CoA. CO2 and NADH are produced. ...
Oxidation – a molecule loses electrons
... a. All of the NADH and FADH2 molecules created in glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle become oxidized (lose their e-, therefore recycled back to NAD+ and FAD) to the proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. While the electrons are passed from protein to protein, energy is released that i ...
... a. All of the NADH and FADH2 molecules created in glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle become oxidized (lose their e-, therefore recycled back to NAD+ and FAD) to the proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. While the electrons are passed from protein to protein, energy is released that i ...
Chap 5
... 1. Energy is obtained from the catabolism of carbon compounds (carbohydrates) 2. Metabolic rxns can be classified in 3 catagories: (1) degradation of nutrients (2) biosynthesis of small molecules (a.a., nucleotides) (3) biosynthesis of large molecules 3. Energy in biological system is stored and tra ...
... 1. Energy is obtained from the catabolism of carbon compounds (carbohydrates) 2. Metabolic rxns can be classified in 3 catagories: (1) degradation of nutrients (2) biosynthesis of small molecules (a.a., nucleotides) (3) biosynthesis of large molecules 3. Energy in biological system is stored and tra ...
Citric acid Cycle:
... a. Which way will this reaction go in standard condition, forward or backward? b. How does this reaction proceeds in forward direction? c. Calculate the G for this reaction in forward direction if concentration of oxaloacetate is 1x 10-8 M, malate 0.2 mM, and NAD+/NADH ratio in rat liver mitochondr ...
... a. Which way will this reaction go in standard condition, forward or backward? b. How does this reaction proceeds in forward direction? c. Calculate the G for this reaction in forward direction if concentration of oxaloacetate is 1x 10-8 M, malate 0.2 mM, and NAD+/NADH ratio in rat liver mitochondr ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.