Quiz 7 Name: 1. After ATP fuels the Na+/K+ pump at the cell
... 1. After ATP fuels the Na+/K+ pump at the cell membrane in an animal cell, where do the “used-up” ADP and Pi go? A) ADP and Pi accumulate in the cytosol and don’t form ATP again B) ADP and Pi are regenerated to ATP by the Na+/K+ pump running in reverse C) ADP and Pi are regenerated to ATP in the chl ...
... 1. After ATP fuels the Na+/K+ pump at the cell membrane in an animal cell, where do the “used-up” ADP and Pi go? A) ADP and Pi accumulate in the cytosol and don’t form ATP again B) ADP and Pi are regenerated to ATP by the Na+/K+ pump running in reverse C) ADP and Pi are regenerated to ATP in the chl ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... • Glycolysis is the only process that can function • The NAD that has been reduced (Hydrogen added) has to be re-oxidised (Hydrogen removed) so that it can keep accepting Hydrogens in glycolysis • There are two ways that NAD can be reoxidised • Fungi e.g. yeast use ethanol fermentation • Animals use ...
... • Glycolysis is the only process that can function • The NAD that has been reduced (Hydrogen added) has to be re-oxidised (Hydrogen removed) so that it can keep accepting Hydrogens in glycolysis • There are two ways that NAD can be reoxidised • Fungi e.g. yeast use ethanol fermentation • Animals use ...
Co Enzyme Lecture
... A cofactor is a small non-protein molecules that is bound (either tightly or loosely) to an enzyme and is required for catalysis. ...
... A cofactor is a small non-protein molecules that is bound (either tightly or loosely) to an enzyme and is required for catalysis. ...
Fermentation Quiz
... 1. Which stage of aerobic respiration occurs during fermentation? a) Glycolysis b) Krebs cycle c) Electron transport d) None of the above ...
... 1. Which stage of aerobic respiration occurs during fermentation? a) Glycolysis b) Krebs cycle c) Electron transport d) None of the above ...
Nucleic acid recognition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes: Case
... Proteins regulate gene expression at multiple stages ranging from transcription through RNA processing and translation. At each stage, regulatory proteins overcome diverse problems of molecular recognition to associate with the target nucleic acid and respond to cellular signals. This seminar descri ...
... Proteins regulate gene expression at multiple stages ranging from transcription through RNA processing and translation. At each stage, regulatory proteins overcome diverse problems of molecular recognition to associate with the target nucleic acid and respond to cellular signals. This seminar descri ...
Respiration
... Glycolysis • Hydrogen removed from triose phosphate and transferred to carrier molecule NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to form reduced NAD (NADH) • Each NADH molecule can be used to transfer energy to other molecules during respiration • The end product of glycolysis, pyruvate (3C), still ...
... Glycolysis • Hydrogen removed from triose phosphate and transferred to carrier molecule NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to form reduced NAD (NADH) • Each NADH molecule can be used to transfer energy to other molecules during respiration • The end product of glycolysis, pyruvate (3C), still ...
Chapter 16 - The Citric Acid Cycle
... catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) or the cytosol of bacteria • Energy of the oxidation reactions is largely conserved as reducing power • Coe ...
... catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids • Intermediates of the cycle are starting points for many biosynthetic reactions • Enzymes of the cycle are in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) or the cytosol of bacteria • Energy of the oxidation reactions is largely conserved as reducing power • Coe ...
Cell Resp. Power Point Brief SV
... ex: 1,3 Bisphosphate glycerate loses a phosphate to ADP-----> ATP 2) ______________________ Phosphorylation: Energy from redox reactions in electrontransport chain is used to make ATP. ...
... ex: 1,3 Bisphosphate glycerate loses a phosphate to ADP-----> ATP 2) ______________________ Phosphorylation: Energy from redox reactions in electrontransport chain is used to make ATP. ...
Section 7-1
... 1. Aerobic respiration is the set of pathways in cellular respiration that require oxygen to break down pyruvic acid. 2. The mitochondrial matrix is the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. 3. The Krebs cycle is a biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl coenzyme A, producing CO2, ...
... 1. Aerobic respiration is the set of pathways in cellular respiration that require oxygen to break down pyruvic acid. 2. The mitochondrial matrix is the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. 3. The Krebs cycle is a biochemical pathway that breaks down acetyl coenzyme A, producing CO2, ...
SMicroChapter5
... 1. Every cell acquires nutrients 2. Metabolism requires energy from light or from catabolism of nutrients 3. Energy is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 4. Cells catabolize nutrients to form precursor metabolites 5. Precursor metabolites, energy from ATP, and enzymes used in anabolic reactions ...
... 1. Every cell acquires nutrients 2. Metabolism requires energy from light or from catabolism of nutrients 3. Energy is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 4. Cells catabolize nutrients to form precursor metabolites 5. Precursor metabolites, energy from ATP, and enzymes used in anabolic reactions ...
Microbial Metabolism
... • Reactions with stronger tendency to give up electrons are higher (more negative) on the tower • To determine which direction the reactions go, see which is “higher” on the electron tower • Note the position of important electron carriers (NAD, FAD, cytochrome a) and external electron donors/accept ...
... • Reactions with stronger tendency to give up electrons are higher (more negative) on the tower • To determine which direction the reactions go, see which is “higher” on the electron tower • Note the position of important electron carriers (NAD, FAD, cytochrome a) and external electron donors/accept ...
SUCCINYL-CoA SYNTHETASE from a prokaryote (Lot 140901b)
... The enzyme is supplied as an ammonium sulphate suspension and should be stored at 4°C. For assay, this enzyme should be diluted in 100 mM glycylglycine buffer, pH 8.4 containing 10 mM MgCl2. Swirl to mix the enzyme suspension immediately prior to use. ...
... The enzyme is supplied as an ammonium sulphate suspension and should be stored at 4°C. For assay, this enzyme should be diluted in 100 mM glycylglycine buffer, pH 8.4 containing 10 mM MgCl2. Swirl to mix the enzyme suspension immediately prior to use. ...
File
... and participate in catalysis but are not considered substrates of the reaction • function as intermediate carriers of electrons, specific atoms or functional groups that are transferred in the overall reaction • Examples: NAD, NADP, FAD, CoEnzymeA ...
... and participate in catalysis but are not considered substrates of the reaction • function as intermediate carriers of electrons, specific atoms or functional groups that are transferred in the overall reaction • Examples: NAD, NADP, FAD, CoEnzymeA ...
Chapter 8 Notes – Energy and Metabolism
... Anabolism: the set of metabolic pathways that _______________________________. – These reactions require ________________________. – Anabolism is powered by _______________________. Many anabolic processes are powered by _________________________________. – Anabolic processes tend toward ___________ ...
... Anabolism: the set of metabolic pathways that _______________________________. – These reactions require ________________________. – Anabolism is powered by _______________________. Many anabolic processes are powered by _________________________________. – Anabolic processes tend toward ___________ ...
Chemistry 160 Homework 1
... a. SO2(g) + H2O(l) <==> H2SO3(aq) b. Ca(OH)2(s) <==> Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) c. HCH2O(aq) + H2O(l) <==> H3O+(aq) + CH2O-(aq) 11. In mammals, an endproduct of anaerobic metabolism is pyruvate. If the system continues to be anaerobic, pyruvate can be reduced to lactate by the equilibrium shown below: Pyru ...
... a. SO2(g) + H2O(l) <==> H2SO3(aq) b. Ca(OH)2(s) <==> Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) c. HCH2O(aq) + H2O(l) <==> H3O+(aq) + CH2O-(aq) 11. In mammals, an endproduct of anaerobic metabolism is pyruvate. If the system continues to be anaerobic, pyruvate can be reduced to lactate by the equilibrium shown below: Pyru ...
Ch. 7 Study Guide
... □ I can explain how glucose is oxidized during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle to produce reducing power in NADH and FADH ...
... □ I can explain how glucose is oxidized during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle to produce reducing power in NADH and FADH ...
Chemistry 326 Name_____________________ Fall 2009 Check
... _____d. NAD works in redox reactions that involve alkyl groups. _____e. Tetrohydrofolate carries the most oxidized form of carbon. _____f. CoA, NAD, FAD all contain nucleotides in their structures. _____g. FAD accepts or donates reducing equivalents in the form of a hydride ion. _____h. Biotin conta ...
... _____d. NAD works in redox reactions that involve alkyl groups. _____e. Tetrohydrofolate carries the most oxidized form of carbon. _____f. CoA, NAD, FAD all contain nucleotides in their structures. _____g. FAD accepts or donates reducing equivalents in the form of a hydride ion. _____h. Biotin conta ...
PowerPoint ******
... The medical importance of NAD+ was established early with the discovery of pellagra, a disease characterized by four “Ds”: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. A heat-stable dietary factor (known as pellagra-preventing factor) that cured pellagra was determined to be a NAD+ precursor called n ...
... The medical importance of NAD+ was established early with the discovery of pellagra, a disease characterized by four “Ds”: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. A heat-stable dietary factor (known as pellagra-preventing factor) that cured pellagra was determined to be a NAD+ precursor called n ...
Lesson_3_liver_function
... • Liver cells contain many enzymes that make toxins less toxic e.g. catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide into …….. ...
... • Liver cells contain many enzymes that make toxins less toxic e.g. catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide into …….. ...
Microbial Metabolism (Part 2) I. Objectives II. What does a
... Microbial Metabolism (Part 2) The life of a heterotroph Chapter 5: 122-136 ...
... Microbial Metabolism (Part 2) The life of a heterotroph Chapter 5: 122-136 ...
Crystal Structure and Functional Analysis of Glyceraldehyde
... NAD-binding domain, catalytic domain and S-loop domain. NAD+ bind to OsGAPDH by hydrogen bonds directly and intermediated by water. Some residues form positive grooves to attract sulfate molecules which are used to simulate phosphate groups of BPG. Some other features found in these structures have ...
... NAD-binding domain, catalytic domain and S-loop domain. NAD+ bind to OsGAPDH by hydrogen bonds directly and intermediated by water. Some residues form positive grooves to attract sulfate molecules which are used to simulate phosphate groups of BPG. Some other features found in these structures have ...
18.3 Important Coenzymes
... • These are nucleotide molecules • accept/deliver electrons for redox reactions • accept/delivers phosphates to generate ATP ...
... • These are nucleotide molecules • accept/deliver electrons for redox reactions • accept/delivers phosphates to generate ATP ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.