Lecture 25 Cofactors and Coenzymes
... Here we have discussed about some coenzymes in the following: NAD+ & NADP+: Both functions as an acceptor of hydrogen atoms and electrons in presence of dehydrogenases and converted into the reduced form. O ...
... Here we have discussed about some coenzymes in the following: NAD+ & NADP+: Both functions as an acceptor of hydrogen atoms and electrons in presence of dehydrogenases and converted into the reduced form. O ...
Quiz SBI 4UI - Waterloo Region District School Board
... 22. What does the NAD Dehy, Cyt b-c1 and Cyt oxidase have in common? ...
... 22. What does the NAD Dehy, Cyt b-c1 and Cyt oxidase have in common? ...
Fe-S
... The glyoxylate cycle results in the net conversion of two acetyl-CoA to succinate instead of 4 CO2 in citric acid cycle. ...
... The glyoxylate cycle results in the net conversion of two acetyl-CoA to succinate instead of 4 CO2 in citric acid cycle. ...
Nov_16
... o Same concept deliever electrons from asparatate to moxaloacetate to form malate.. This gives you NADH Oxaloacetate can not enter mitochondrial miatriax….so we have to make asparatate (?) Shuttles are just mechanisms to transfer compounds across the membrane… o 12.7 o Kinase they phosphorylat ...
... o Same concept deliever electrons from asparatate to moxaloacetate to form malate.. This gives you NADH Oxaloacetate can not enter mitochondrial miatriax….so we have to make asparatate (?) Shuttles are just mechanisms to transfer compounds across the membrane… o 12.7 o Kinase they phosphorylat ...
Citric Acid Cycle Regulation
... For next round of glycolysis to occur need NADH converted to NAD+ for use in step 5. How cells (muscle especially) accomplish this? Pyruvate (Py), the end product of glycolysis, is converted to lactate. At the same time NADH is converted to NAD+. This regenerates NAD+ for use in glycolysis. lactate ...
... For next round of glycolysis to occur need NADH converted to NAD+ for use in step 5. How cells (muscle especially) accomplish this? Pyruvate (Py), the end product of glycolysis, is converted to lactate. At the same time NADH is converted to NAD+. This regenerates NAD+ for use in glycolysis. lactate ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... 2. State the reactants and products of glycolysis. ...
... 2. State the reactants and products of glycolysis. ...
the krebs cycle by stef worrall
... Definition of the Krebs cycle A series of enzyme catalysed reactions that oxidise the acetyl group of acetyl CoA to 2 molecules of Carbon dioxide. It also produces 1 molecule of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation, and reduces 3 molecules of NAD and one molecule of FAD. ...
... Definition of the Krebs cycle A series of enzyme catalysed reactions that oxidise the acetyl group of acetyl CoA to 2 molecules of Carbon dioxide. It also produces 1 molecule of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation, and reduces 3 molecules of NAD and one molecule of FAD. ...
Cellular Respiration
... STAGE TWO – Fermentation (without O2) in the ABSENCE of oxygen, NADH generated from glycolysis passes its H atoms to either acetaldehyde to produce ethanol or to pyruvate to produce lactic acid. Products of ...
... STAGE TWO – Fermentation (without O2) in the ABSENCE of oxygen, NADH generated from glycolysis passes its H atoms to either acetaldehyde to produce ethanol or to pyruvate to produce lactic acid. Products of ...
File
... https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-andfermentation/glycolysis/a/glycolysis ...
... https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-andfermentation/glycolysis/a/glycolysis ...
Practice Final Exam (Ch 10, 17)
... Diagram the path of electron flow from NADH to the final electron acceptor during electron transport in mitochondria. For each electron carrier, indicate whether only electrons, or both electrons and protons, are accepted/donated by that carrier. Indicate with an arrow where electrons from succinate ...
... Diagram the path of electron flow from NADH to the final electron acceptor during electron transport in mitochondria. For each electron carrier, indicate whether only electrons, or both electrons and protons, are accepted/donated by that carrier. Indicate with an arrow where electrons from succinate ...
Enzyme cofactors
... (de)hydrogenaion of the C—O or C—N bond proton released to the solution example: lactate dehydrogenase (lactate + NAD+ → → pyruvate + NADH +H+) ...
... (de)hydrogenaion of the C—O or C—N bond proton released to the solution example: lactate dehydrogenase (lactate + NAD+ → → pyruvate + NADH +H+) ...
Cellular Respiration Handout
... equation for this process is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ◊ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP An ATP molecule transfers it’s third phosphate group (and corresponding high energy electrons) to glucose to form glucose phosphate and ADP. Then the glucose phosphate is transformed into fructose phospate. Next, another ATP is used ...
... equation for this process is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ◊ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP An ATP molecule transfers it’s third phosphate group (and corresponding high energy electrons) to glucose to form glucose phosphate and ADP. Then the glucose phosphate is transformed into fructose phospate. Next, another ATP is used ...
Keigo Tanaka Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration: Harvesting
... 6. Two hydrogens are transferred to FAD, forming FADH2 and oxidizing succinate to fumarate 7. The addition of a water molecule rearranges bonds in the substrate forming malate 8. The substrate is oxidized, reducing NAD+ to NADH and regenerating oxaloacetate so it can be used in the cycle again ...
... 6. Two hydrogens are transferred to FAD, forming FADH2 and oxidizing succinate to fumarate 7. The addition of a water molecule rearranges bonds in the substrate forming malate 8. The substrate is oxidized, reducing NAD+ to NADH and regenerating oxaloacetate so it can be used in the cycle again ...
M220 Lecture 11 - Napa Valley College
... as glucose are oxidized, the hydrogens (with their electrons) that are lost, must be gained by other chemicals. These other chemicals are therefore reduced as they gain hydrogens. Coenzymes can receive these hydrogens (become reduced) to make enzymatic reactions work. These same coenzymes will later ...
... as glucose are oxidized, the hydrogens (with their electrons) that are lost, must be gained by other chemicals. These other chemicals are therefore reduced as they gain hydrogens. Coenzymes can receive these hydrogens (become reduced) to make enzymatic reactions work. These same coenzymes will later ...
1. Regarding the citric acid cycle: a. Write a balanced net equation
... a. For each protein complex of the electron transport chain, list the redox centers it contains. (That is, those that are permanently bound.) You may use the same type of redox center for more than one complex. b. Starting with succinate and ending with O2, list in order the types of redox centers t ...
... a. For each protein complex of the electron transport chain, list the redox centers it contains. (That is, those that are permanently bound.) You may use the same type of redox center for more than one complex. b. Starting with succinate and ending with O2, list in order the types of redox centers t ...
H 2 O
... • Died-August 1, 1970 in Berlin, Germany • He won a Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine for his Warburg effect in 1931. ...
... • Died-August 1, 1970 in Berlin, Germany • He won a Nobel prize in Physiology and Medicine for his Warburg effect in 1931. ...
Catabolism
... lengthen it by one repeat unit. 7. The bactoprenol carrier returns to the inside of the membrane. A phosphate is released. 8. Peptide cross-links between the peptidoglycan chains are formed by transpeptidation. ...
... lengthen it by one repeat unit. 7. The bactoprenol carrier returns to the inside of the membrane. A phosphate is released. 8. Peptide cross-links between the peptidoglycan chains are formed by transpeptidation. ...
Prescott`s Microbiology, 9th Edition Chapter 10 –Introduction to
... Figure 10.7 Refer to figure 10.6 and determine theE0’ for NAD+/NADH and coenzyme Q/CoQH2. Suggest a plausible E0’ value for FMN. For NAD+/NADH it is -0.32, and for CoQ/CoQH2 it is 0.10. From figure 10.7, it can been seen that FMN carries electrons between NADH and CoQ, thus is must be intermediate ...
... Figure 10.7 Refer to figure 10.6 and determine theE0’ for NAD+/NADH and coenzyme Q/CoQH2. Suggest a plausible E0’ value for FMN. For NAD+/NADH it is -0.32, and for CoQ/CoQH2 it is 0.10. From figure 10.7, it can been seen that FMN carries electrons between NADH and CoQ, thus is must be intermediate ...
Biology 123 SI- Dr. Raut`s Class Session 11
... 1. Why is the amount of ATP formed so variable? (Several answers. List them all) Pyruvate actually requires active transport to get into the mitochondria which means it uses some ATP. NADH that is produced in glycolysis cannot cross the mitochondria’s membrane and must use a shuttle system and give ...
... 1. Why is the amount of ATP formed so variable? (Several answers. List them all) Pyruvate actually requires active transport to get into the mitochondria which means it uses some ATP. NADH that is produced in glycolysis cannot cross the mitochondria’s membrane and must use a shuttle system and give ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... • Both NAD+ and NADP+ are coenzymes for many dehydrogenases in cytosol and mitochondria • NAD+ is involved in oxidoreduction reactions in oxidative pathways. • NADP+ is involved mostly in reductive biosynthesis. ...
... • Both NAD+ and NADP+ are coenzymes for many dehydrogenases in cytosol and mitochondria • NAD+ is involved in oxidoreduction reactions in oxidative pathways. • NADP+ is involved mostly in reductive biosynthesis. ...
presentation source
... yielded • Aerobic respiration yields ATP via both substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Up to 30+ ATPs yielded per glucose! ...
... yielded • Aerobic respiration yields ATP via both substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Up to 30+ ATPs yielded per glucose! ...
Review Sheet Key - Spring Branch ISD
... Pyruvic Acid ADP ATP NADH Carbon dioxide NADH ATP FAHD2 Citric Acid Water NAD+ FAD ATP Ethyl Alcohol Carbon dioxide NAD+ ...
... Pyruvic Acid ADP ATP NADH Carbon dioxide NADH ATP FAHD2 Citric Acid Water NAD+ FAD ATP Ethyl Alcohol Carbon dioxide NAD+ ...
Developing miniaturised electrochemical biosensors for monitoring
... in real time in mammalian cell cultures, and are therefore advantageous compared to conventional end-point biochemical- and immunoassays. Recent work by this group [1, 2] has resulted in the development of in-situ microbiosensors to detect changes in metabolite levels in culture medium during health ...
... in real time in mammalian cell cultures, and are therefore advantageous compared to conventional end-point biochemical- and immunoassays. Recent work by this group [1, 2] has resulted in the development of in-situ microbiosensors to detect changes in metabolite levels in culture medium during health ...
GLYCOLYSIS and respiration review worksheet
... Glycolysis, the breakdown of carbon-containing molecules, is common to all organisms and occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells. It may occur in the presence or absence of oxygen and yields a small amount of energy in the form of ATP. 1. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis ...
... Glycolysis, the breakdown of carbon-containing molecules, is common to all organisms and occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells. It may occur in the presence or absence of oxygen and yields a small amount of energy in the form of ATP. 1. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. The compound is a dinucleotide, because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups. One nucleotide contains an adenine base and the other nicotinamide. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, an oxidized and reduced form abbreviated as NAD+ and NADH respectively.In metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. The coenzyme is, therefore, found in two forms in cells: NAD+ is an oxidizing agent – it accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced. This reaction forms NADH, which can then be used as a reducing agent to donate electrons. These electron transfer reactions are the main function of NAD. However, it is also used in other cellular processes, the most notable one being a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications. Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery.In organisms, NAD can be synthesized from simple building-blocks (de novo) from the amino acids tryptophan or aspartic acid. In an alternative fashion, more complex components of the coenzymes are taken up from food as the vitamin called niacin. Similar compounds are released by reactions that break down the structure of NAD. These preformed components then pass through a salvage pathway that recycles them back into the active form. Some NAD is also converted into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); the chemistry of this related coenzyme is similar to that of NAD, but it has different roles in metabolism.Although NAD+ is written with a superscript plus sign because of the formal charge on a particular nitrogen atom, at physiological pH for the most part it is actually a singly charged anion (charge of minus 1), while NADH is a doubly charged anion.