Perspectives in Nutrition, 8th Edition
... NADH + H+ and FADH2 from citric acid cycle are regenerated to NAD+ and FAD by transfer of their electrons and hydrogen to oxygen in the electron transport chain ...
... NADH + H+ and FADH2 from citric acid cycle are regenerated to NAD+ and FAD by transfer of their electrons and hydrogen to oxygen in the electron transport chain ...
Citric Acid Cycle - University of California, Berkeley
... electrons to an electron carrier, NAD+, via a tightly bound intermediary electron carrier, FAD. Dihydroxylipoyllysine + NAD+ Lipoyllysine + NADH FAD. The flavin group is the business end of FAD; it is not linked to ribose, but to ribitol—a reduced product of ribose. Then, it is linked to a pyropho ...
... electrons to an electron carrier, NAD+, via a tightly bound intermediary electron carrier, FAD. Dihydroxylipoyllysine + NAD+ Lipoyllysine + NADH FAD. The flavin group is the business end of FAD; it is not linked to ribose, but to ribitol—a reduced product of ribose. Then, it is linked to a pyropho ...
Document
... Catabolic reactions are organized as • Stage 1: Digestion and hydrolysis breaks down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. • Stage 2: Degradation break down molecules to two- and three-carbon compounds. • Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules in the citric acid cycle and electr ...
... Catabolic reactions are organized as • Stage 1: Digestion and hydrolysis breaks down large molecules to smaller ones that enter the bloodstream. • Stage 2: Degradation break down molecules to two- and three-carbon compounds. • Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules in the citric acid cycle and electr ...
Energy systems. - CCVI
... - increases number and size of mitochondria within the muscle fibres - increases the activity of enzymes (Krebs cycle) - preferential use of fats over glycogen during exercise ...
... - increases number and size of mitochondria within the muscle fibres - increases the activity of enzymes (Krebs cycle) - preferential use of fats over glycogen during exercise ...
Lecture 28 - Citrate Cycle
... of cellular metabolism because it not only links the oxidation of metabolic fuels (carbohydrate, fatty acids and proteins) to ATP synthesis, but it also provides shared metabolites for numerous other metabolic pathways. ...
... of cellular metabolism because it not only links the oxidation of metabolic fuels (carbohydrate, fatty acids and proteins) to ATP synthesis, but it also provides shared metabolites for numerous other metabolic pathways. ...
Enzymes
... living cells. • Enzymes lower the amount of activation energy needed. • They speed up the rate of biochemical reactions in the cell but remain unchanged at the end of the reactions. • Most enzymes are globular protein molecules. ...
... living cells. • Enzymes lower the amount of activation energy needed. • They speed up the rate of biochemical reactions in the cell but remain unchanged at the end of the reactions. • Most enzymes are globular protein molecules. ...
semester iii
... Decarboxylation of pyruvate, Reactions of citric acid cycle (with structures of intermediates), Calculation of energy yield (as ATP) of aerobic and anaerobic oxidation of carbohydrates, the mitochondria arrangement of electron carriers in the electron transport chain: Oxidative phosphorylation, site ...
... Decarboxylation of pyruvate, Reactions of citric acid cycle (with structures of intermediates), Calculation of energy yield (as ATP) of aerobic and anaerobic oxidation of carbohydrates, the mitochondria arrangement of electron carriers in the electron transport chain: Oxidative phosphorylation, site ...
Cellular Respiration - Peoria Public Schools
... 1.NADH and FADH2 carry their electrons/H+ to inner mit. comp. and “drop” them off. 2.H+ passes through a H+ pump to outer mit. comp. (more H+ outside than inside) 3.H+ diffuses back into inner mit. comp. 4.As H+ diffuses the reaction of ADP + P ATP occurs. 5.H+ combines with O2 to make H2O. ...
... 1.NADH and FADH2 carry their electrons/H+ to inner mit. comp. and “drop” them off. 2.H+ passes through a H+ pump to outer mit. comp. (more H+ outside than inside) 3.H+ diffuses back into inner mit. comp. 4.As H+ diffuses the reaction of ADP + P ATP occurs. 5.H+ combines with O2 to make H2O. ...
Exercise Physiology Study Guide-Test 1 History of Exercise
... IMTG mobilized during recovery from prolonged exercise – leads to glycogen depletion Primarily occurs in the heart and liver Brain/red blood cells rely mostly on glycolysis Skeletal muscle cells White fibers (Type IIb; “Fast glycolytic”) also rely on glycolysis o Low blood supply o Low mitochondri ...
... IMTG mobilized during recovery from prolonged exercise – leads to glycogen depletion Primarily occurs in the heart and liver Brain/red blood cells rely mostly on glycolysis Skeletal muscle cells White fibers (Type IIb; “Fast glycolytic”) also rely on glycolysis o Low blood supply o Low mitochondri ...
11A
... 4. When a water molecule is split, what is it split into? Where do all the resulting components end up? ...
... 4. When a water molecule is split, what is it split into? Where do all the resulting components end up? ...
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... What conclusion can you make about the bacteria in Question #6 concerning their ability to grow aerobically? e. There is not enough information given to make a conclusion. ...
... What conclusion can you make about the bacteria in Question #6 concerning their ability to grow aerobically? e. There is not enough information given to make a conclusion. ...
Slide 1
... under certain conditions – the cyclic electron flow path is an alternative – short-circuit path uses PSI but not PSII electrons instead of continuing on from ferroredoxin/Fd to NADP+reductase - cycle back to the cytochrome complex and “re-excite”the P700 chlorophyll a molecules no production of NADP ...
... under certain conditions – the cyclic electron flow path is an alternative – short-circuit path uses PSI but not PSII electrons instead of continuing on from ferroredoxin/Fd to NADP+reductase - cycle back to the cytochrome complex and “re-excite”the P700 chlorophyll a molecules no production of NADP ...
Document
... After diffusing inside, where the H+ concentration low, it gives up the proton. So it ferries protons from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, thus destroying the proton gradient. Electron transport chain goes merrily on and on, but no gradient is formed and no ATP is prod ...
... After diffusing inside, where the H+ concentration low, it gives up the proton. So it ferries protons from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, thus destroying the proton gradient. Electron transport chain goes merrily on and on, but no gradient is formed and no ATP is prod ...
Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
... eight electrons captured are transported by electron carriers to O2 generating a proton gradient that drives the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to generate ATP. The stoichiometry of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation is 2.5 ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP per FADH2. As a result 9 ATP are ge ...
... eight electrons captured are transported by electron carriers to O2 generating a proton gradient that drives the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to generate ATP. The stoichiometry of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation is 2.5 ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP per FADH2. As a result 9 ATP are ge ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... In the ETC, about three ATP are produced for every oxidized NADH. However, only about two ATP ...
... In the ETC, about three ATP are produced for every oxidized NADH. However, only about two ATP ...
Glycolysis reaction (Investment phase)
... 1. Take NADH from Diffusion (they came from Matrix and Cytoplasm. 2. Remove two(2) electrons (paper clips) from NADH and only NADH. 3. Give NAD back to diffusion and hold the electrons. 4. Push the H through the Proton Pump #1 into the Intermembrane Space. 5. Immediately after you push the H across ...
... 1. Take NADH from Diffusion (they came from Matrix and Cytoplasm. 2. Remove two(2) electrons (paper clips) from NADH and only NADH. 3. Give NAD back to diffusion and hold the electrons. 4. Push the H through the Proton Pump #1 into the Intermembrane Space. 5. Immediately after you push the H across ...
Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen
... 25. ________________________ bonds form when water is removed to hold ______________________ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and ster ...
... 25. ________________________ bonds form when water is removed to hold ______________________ acids together. Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and ster ...
SADDLEBACK COLLEGE BIOLOGY 20 EXAMINATION 2 STUDY
... 1. Briefly explain the difference between catabolism and anabolism. How does exergonic and endergonic relate to metabolism? Give an example of where each of these reactions takes place in your body. 2. Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction using either the cellular respiration or ph ...
... 1. Briefly explain the difference between catabolism and anabolism. How does exergonic and endergonic relate to metabolism? Give an example of where each of these reactions takes place in your body. 2. Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction using either the cellular respiration or ph ...
What do you know about Cellular Respiration?
... Loses Electrons Oxidized (LEO) Electron receptor is called the oxidizing agent Gains Electrons Reduced (GER) Some redox reactions do not transfer electrons but change the electron sharing in covalent bonds ...
... Loses Electrons Oxidized (LEO) Electron receptor is called the oxidizing agent Gains Electrons Reduced (GER) Some redox reactions do not transfer electrons but change the electron sharing in covalent bonds ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... In the ETC, about three ATP are produced for every oxidized NADH. However, only about two ATP ...
... In the ETC, about three ATP are produced for every oxidized NADH. However, only about two ATP ...
2.277 December 2005 Final Exam
... Identify the correct statement: A) Aquaporins use the energy of ATP to transport 2 Na+ into a cell and 3 K+ out of a cell. B) The fluid mosaic model of a membrane assumes that lipids travel rapidly around the bilayer but proteins are fixed and unable to move. C) Glucose permease is a 12 α-helical pr ...
... Identify the correct statement: A) Aquaporins use the energy of ATP to transport 2 Na+ into a cell and 3 K+ out of a cell. B) The fluid mosaic model of a membrane assumes that lipids travel rapidly around the bilayer but proteins are fixed and unable to move. C) Glucose permease is a 12 α-helical pr ...
De niet-covalente interacties
... • Association of apolar groups/molecules in water results in the release of water molecules that surround the apolar surface in a stiff, ice-like structure. • The released water molecules have more possibilities to interact with other water molecules in solution. • This results in an increase of the ...
... • Association of apolar groups/molecules in water results in the release of water molecules that surround the apolar surface in a stiff, ice-like structure. • The released water molecules have more possibilities to interact with other water molecules in solution. • This results in an increase of the ...
Notes
... 2. cannot be changed into a different element or destroyed via chemical reactions 3. about 25 elements are essential for life A) 4 of these make up 96% of living matter 1) C, O, H & N B) The remaining 4% primarily include P, S, Ca, K, Na, Cl, & Mg C) trace elements are ones only required in small qu ...
... 2. cannot be changed into a different element or destroyed via chemical reactions 3. about 25 elements are essential for life A) 4 of these make up 96% of living matter 1) C, O, H & N B) The remaining 4% primarily include P, S, Ca, K, Na, Cl, & Mg C) trace elements are ones only required in small qu ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.