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Cellular Respiration & Fermentation Aerobic Cellular Respiration The process that involves oxygen and breaks down food molecules to release useable energy….ATP!!! Cellular Respiration happens in 3 steps 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain Cellular Respiration Creates 34-38 molecules of ATP The Chemical Pathways Cellular Respiration Flow Glucose O2 Present Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport No O2 Present Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid What is Cellular Respiration? Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6CO2 + 6H20 ***NoTiCe: This is the reverse equation for photosynthesis MUST HAVE OXYGEN PRESENT! Where does Cellular Respiration Happen? Electrons carried in NADH Pyruvic acid Glucose Glycolysis Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Electron Transport Chain Mitochondria Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration The products of one reaction are the reactants of the other reaction. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Sunlight energy Ecosystem Photosynthesis (in chloroplasts) Cellular respiration (in mitochondria) Useable energy Heat energy Glycolysis Anaerobic Conditions (No oxygen) Aerobic Conditions (Oxygen present) Fermentation Respiration Krebs Cycle & Electron Transport Chain Under Anaerobic Conditions Fermentation occurs in cells where oxygen can be a toxic element or is not present. NO O2 present! “No O – No go!” (into Krebs Cycle/ETC) 2 Types of Fermentation If there is no oxygen, the pyruvate formed during glycolysis will be broken down again to either lactic acid or ethanol Lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic acid Fermentation – fermentation that produces lactic acid Pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid and NAD+ The NAD+ helps provide energy to keep glycolysis going. Occurs mostly in animals muscle cells & some bacteria Lactic acid burns! Muscles hurt! Lactic Acid Fermentation IN: Pyruvic Acid NADH OUT: Lactic NAD+ Acid 2 ADP+ 2 Glycolysis 2 NAD 2 NAD Glucose (a) Lactic acid fermentation + 2 H 2 Pyruvic acid 2 Lactic acid Alcoholic Fermentation Alcoholic fermentation – fermentation that produces alcohol Pyruvic acid + NADH alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ Occurs in yeast and a few other microorganisms Alcoholic Fermentation IN Pyruvic acid NADH OUT Alcohol CO2 NAD+ What form does CO2 take? That’s right…gas! & when there is gas in liquids we see…. BUBBLES 2 CO2 released 2 ADP+ 2 2 ATP Glycolysis 2 NAD Glucose (b) Alcoholic fermentation 2 NAD 2 Pyruvic acid + 2 H 2 Ethyl alcohol Fermentation Process of energy production in the absence of oxygen Glycolysis and fermentation together only produces 2 ATP. This is not efficient!! Why Fermentation? It does not produce usable energy…ATP so why bother? NADH is converted to NAD+ NAD+ is needed for glycolysis