Chapter 5
... Keeping in mind the doubling of reactions from steps 6-10 (splitting of fructose-1,6bisphosphate generates two G3P), the total usable energy production from glycolysis of a single molecule of glucose is 4 ATP and 2 NADH. However, the net ATP production is only 2 ATP if we remember the initial invest ...
... Keeping in mind the doubling of reactions from steps 6-10 (splitting of fructose-1,6bisphosphate generates two G3P), the total usable energy production from glycolysis of a single molecule of glucose is 4 ATP and 2 NADH. However, the net ATP production is only 2 ATP if we remember the initial invest ...
Enzyme - Rubin Gulaboski
... They alter the behavior of the enzyme in a manner analogous to allosteric regulation Alter Vmax. What will happen to V if you push the substrate concentration very high? ...
... They alter the behavior of the enzyme in a manner analogous to allosteric regulation Alter Vmax. What will happen to V if you push the substrate concentration very high? ...
Protein Metabolism
... • Glutamate dehydrogenase and other enzymes required for the production of urea are located in mitochondria. • This compartmentalization sequesters free ammonia, which is toxic. • In most terrestrial vertebrates, NH4+ is converted into urea, which is excreted. ...
... • Glutamate dehydrogenase and other enzymes required for the production of urea are located in mitochondria. • This compartmentalization sequesters free ammonia, which is toxic. • In most terrestrial vertebrates, NH4+ is converted into urea, which is excreted. ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... • Complex of several polypeptides, an FAD prosthetic group and iron-sulfur clusters • Electrons are transferred from succinate to ubiquinone (Q), a lipid-soluble mobile carrier of reducing power • FADH2 generated is reoxidized by Q • QH2 is released as a mobile product ...
... • Complex of several polypeptides, an FAD prosthetic group and iron-sulfur clusters • Electrons are transferred from succinate to ubiquinone (Q), a lipid-soluble mobile carrier of reducing power • FADH2 generated is reoxidized by Q • QH2 is released as a mobile product ...
Ch 8 Enzyme Lab NewP..
... systems by lowering the activation energy, the energy needed for molecules to begin reacting with each other. Enzymes do this by forming an enzyme-substrate complex that reduces energy required for the specific reaction to occur. Enzymes have specific shapes and structures that determine their funct ...
... systems by lowering the activation energy, the energy needed for molecules to begin reacting with each other. Enzymes do this by forming an enzyme-substrate complex that reduces energy required for the specific reaction to occur. Enzymes have specific shapes and structures that determine their funct ...
Employing the redoxomic shotgun strategy OcSILAC to study a
... Our group has developed a robust shotgun strategy called OcSILAC to quantify the change in cysteine oxidation while taking protein profile expression into account. The concept of this approach was presented at the last EUPA meeting in Saint Malo. OcSILAC was tested on a highly oxidized yeast model ( ...
... Our group has developed a robust shotgun strategy called OcSILAC to quantify the change in cysteine oxidation while taking protein profile expression into account. The concept of this approach was presented at the last EUPA meeting in Saint Malo. OcSILAC was tested on a highly oxidized yeast model ( ...
Energetics of the nerve terminal in relation to central nervous system
... in vivo;thus glucose is likely to be the key physiological substrate. If this is true, two issues deserve comments: the transfer of NADH from the cytosol to the mitochondrion; and metabolism of pyruvate by pyruvate dehydrogenase. With respect to the first, it has been shown that inhibition of transa ...
... in vivo;thus glucose is likely to be the key physiological substrate. If this is true, two issues deserve comments: the transfer of NADH from the cytosol to the mitochondrion; and metabolism of pyruvate by pyruvate dehydrogenase. With respect to the first, it has been shown that inhibition of transa ...
Assay of Enzymes with Insoluble or Unknown - Beilstein
... the natural substrates should be used, even if they are unstable, insoluble or expensive to produce. The assay method should reflect the conditions (pH, ionic strength, protein concentrations, etc.) in the cell for which the metabolism is being reconstructed. Ideally the flux through the enzyme shou ...
... the natural substrates should be used, even if they are unstable, insoluble or expensive to produce. The assay method should reflect the conditions (pH, ionic strength, protein concentrations, etc.) in the cell for which the metabolism is being reconstructed. Ideally the flux through the enzyme shou ...
01 - ALCA
... Creatine Phosphate is found in the cytoplasm. It will easily give up its phosphate to ADP! CP + ADP = ATP + Creatine (Which is now a waste product, will be discarded by the cell and filtered out by the kidney’s into the urine.) This quick and easy way to regenerate ADP into ATP does not require O2 ( ...
... Creatine Phosphate is found in the cytoplasm. It will easily give up its phosphate to ADP! CP + ADP = ATP + Creatine (Which is now a waste product, will be discarded by the cell and filtered out by the kidney’s into the urine.) This quick and easy way to regenerate ADP into ATP does not require O2 ( ...
Ch 26 Powerpoint
... pumping H+ into intermembrane space by chemiosmosis – The concentration of H+ outside > than that inside – this produces an electrostatic gradient and a net voltage. – Since it is positive charges – it is called proton motive force instead of electromotive force (from electron distribution). ...
... pumping H+ into intermembrane space by chemiosmosis – The concentration of H+ outside > than that inside – this produces an electrostatic gradient and a net voltage. – Since it is positive charges – it is called proton motive force instead of electromotive force (from electron distribution). ...
Chapter6
... Induced fit model • More accurate model of enzyme action – 3-D structure of enzyme fits substrate – substrate binding cause enzyme to change shape leading to a tighter fit • “conformational change” • bring chemical groups in position to catalyze reaction ...
... Induced fit model • More accurate model of enzyme action – 3-D structure of enzyme fits substrate – substrate binding cause enzyme to change shape leading to a tighter fit • “conformational change” • bring chemical groups in position to catalyze reaction ...
O - Batavia CSD
... Induced fit model • More accurate model of enzyme action – 3-D structure of enzyme fits substrate – substrate binding cause enzyme to change shape leading to a tighter fit • “conformational change” • bring chemical groups in position to catalyze reaction ...
... Induced fit model • More accurate model of enzyme action – 3-D structure of enzyme fits substrate – substrate binding cause enzyme to change shape leading to a tighter fit • “conformational change” • bring chemical groups in position to catalyze reaction ...
Nucleotides
... • Activation of other moieties for synthesis: UDPglucuronate, CDP-diacylglycerol, etc. • Energy transduction: ATP for muscle contraction and ion transport. • Control reactions: GDP GTP of G-proteins. • Control of metabolism: cAMP, ADP/ATP ratio, enzyme phosphorylation. • Constituents of other smal ...
... • Activation of other moieties for synthesis: UDPglucuronate, CDP-diacylglycerol, etc. • Energy transduction: ATP for muscle contraction and ion transport. • Control reactions: GDP GTP of G-proteins. • Control of metabolism: cAMP, ADP/ATP ratio, enzyme phosphorylation. • Constituents of other smal ...
List of topics - bio.utexas.edu
... mechanism. Translocation across the peroxisomal membrane depends on ATP hydrolysis and the proteins traverse the membrane in a folded conformation. Step 4:At some point, either during translocation or in the lumen, Pex5 dissociates from the matrix protein and returns to the cytosol. ...
... mechanism. Translocation across the peroxisomal membrane depends on ATP hydrolysis and the proteins traverse the membrane in a folded conformation. Step 4:At some point, either during translocation or in the lumen, Pex5 dissociates from the matrix protein and returns to the cytosol. ...
Where is the energy transfer?
... molecules (mostly proteins) embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The folding of the inner membrane increases the surface area, providing space for thousands of copies of the ETC in each ...
... molecules (mostly proteins) embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The folding of the inner membrane increases the surface area, providing space for thousands of copies of the ETC in each ...
Transport in Plants I - Western Washington University
... …the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, – water (free) moves from a region of higher H2O concentration, to a region of lower H2O concentration, until in equilibrium, ...
... …the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, – water (free) moves from a region of higher H2O concentration, to a region of lower H2O concentration, until in equilibrium, ...
Document
... first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an ...
... first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an ...
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM
... Each DNA strand is made up of a backbone of deoxyribose sugars alternating with phosphate groups. See Fig 4.18, page 134. Each deoxyribose sugar is linked to one of four nitrogen-containing bases: A,G,C, or T. See Appenix F, page 936. Each DNA molecule consists of two parallel strands of nucleotides ...
... Each DNA strand is made up of a backbone of deoxyribose sugars alternating with phosphate groups. See Fig 4.18, page 134. Each deoxyribose sugar is linked to one of four nitrogen-containing bases: A,G,C, or T. See Appenix F, page 936. Each DNA molecule consists of two parallel strands of nucleotides ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Coenzyme A to form a new molecule called Acetyl-CoA. The Acetyl-CoA then enters the Krebs Cycle. ...
... Coenzyme A to form a new molecule called Acetyl-CoA. The Acetyl-CoA then enters the Krebs Cycle. ...
MPB IPG - E
... a. a complex lipid involved in docking vesicles with the plasma membrane b. the anchor on which sugars assemble before transfer to proteins c. a chaperone used in protein folding d. a product of phospholipase C activation 12. The reactions of the cell that are carried out for capturing energy are ca ...
... a. a complex lipid involved in docking vesicles with the plasma membrane b. the anchor on which sugars assemble before transfer to proteins c. a chaperone used in protein folding d. a product of phospholipase C activation 12. The reactions of the cell that are carried out for capturing energy are ca ...
Principles of Enzyme Catalysis\Principles
... A. Since all enzyme-catalyzed reactions proceed through distinct enzyme-substrate Michaelis complexes, a major contribution to the catalytic efficiency of enzymes derives from proximity effects (also termed anchimeric assistance) which increase the effective local concentration of reactants within t ...
... A. Since all enzyme-catalyzed reactions proceed through distinct enzyme-substrate Michaelis complexes, a major contribution to the catalytic efficiency of enzymes derives from proximity effects (also termed anchimeric assistance) which increase the effective local concentration of reactants within t ...
Principles of Enzyme Catalysis\Principles of Enzyme Catalysis.wpd
... A. Since all enzyme-catalyzed reactions proceed through distinct enzyme-substrate Michaelis complexes, a major contribution to the catalytic efficiency of enzymes derives from proximity effects (also termed anchimeric assistance) which increase the effective local concentration of reactants within t ...
... A. Since all enzyme-catalyzed reactions proceed through distinct enzyme-substrate Michaelis complexes, a major contribution to the catalytic efficiency of enzymes derives from proximity effects (also termed anchimeric assistance) which increase the effective local concentration of reactants within t ...
Red Blood Cell Metabolism: Objectives
... i. Methemoglobin reductase I: 1. Transfers electrons from NADH to Cytochrome b5 2. Cytochrome b5 then reduces methemoglobin 3. Accounts for 67% of all methemoglobin reduction ii. Methemoglobin reductase II: 1. MetHb + NADPH Hb + NADP+ 2. Accounts for 5-10% of all methemoglobin reduction iii. Nonen ...
... i. Methemoglobin reductase I: 1. Transfers electrons from NADH to Cytochrome b5 2. Cytochrome b5 then reduces methemoglobin 3. Accounts for 67% of all methemoglobin reduction ii. Methemoglobin reductase II: 1. MetHb + NADPH Hb + NADP+ 2. Accounts for 5-10% of all methemoglobin reduction iii. Nonen ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.