Download Notes and Ocean Vocab Words

Class Notes / Textbook Notes
Learning Target: 8E1.2 Summarize evidence that Earth’s oceans are a reservoir of nutrients, minerals,
dissolved gases, and life forms:
 Estuaries
 Marine ecosystems
 Upwelling
 Behavior of gases in the marine environment
 Deep ocean technology and understandings gained

Questions/Main Ideas:
Notes:
1. What are the main
features of the ocean floor?
2. What are the main ocean
zones and what are the
characteristics of each?
Continental shelf, Continental slope, Abyssal plain, ocean trench, Mid-ocean ridge
and Hydrothermal vent.
Intertidal zone- the area between high tide and low tide.
Neritic zone- the 1st 200 meters of ocean water that includes the seashore
Oceanic zone- extends from 200 meters and beyond.
Photic zone- the top layer of the ocean where sunlight penetrates.
Aphotic zone- the lowest layer of the ocean, where light does not reach.
3. What is a
terrestrial/aquatic food web
and how are they
connected.
Terrestrial food web is on land and aquatic food web is in water
(aquatic animals). A bear eating a fish is an example of how terrestrial
and aquatic food webs are connected. Many times they overlap and
are affected by each other’s environment.
4. What is an estuary and
why is it important?
Estuaries are places where fresh and salt waters meet. Estuaries serve as an
important habitat for many marine species, buffer zones for pollutants and
breeding grounds of many organisms. They also act as a filtering system to
remove some chemical elements and compounds from land run off. They
provide important and productive nursery areas for many marine and aquatic
species.
ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle)
Submersible –
SONAR - Sound Navigation Ranging - used to measure ocean depth
Scuba - Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
Echo sounder ABE (Automated Benthic Explorer) Upwelling is a type of ocean current in which cold nutrient-rich water rises to
the surface from the ocean depths. This nutrient-rich water feeds microscopic
algae that serve as the base of open ocean food webs and provide the majority
of the world’s oxygen.
Use of ocean resources has increased significantly; therefore the future
sustainability of ocean resources depends on our understanding of those
resources and their potential and limitations. The ocean affects every human
life. Most rain comes from the ocean and over half of Earth’s oxygen. From
the ocean we get foods, medicines, minerals, and energy resources.
5. What technologies are
used to study the ocean?
6. What is the importance of
upwelling?
7. What are some
interactions between
humans and the ocean?
Vocabulary Words:
1. Abiotic Factor
2. Abyssal Plain
3. Aphotic Zone
4. Benthos
5. Bioluminescence
6. Biotic Factor
7. Chemosynthesis
8. Consumer
9. Continental Shelf
10. Continental Slope
11. Ecosystem
12. Estuary
The non-living factors of the environment that an organism lives in.
Mostly flat portion of ocean floor which provides a home to a variety of unique
organisms that are adapted to the extreme conditions of this habitat.
Lowest layer of the ocean, where light does not reach.
Organisms that live on or in the ocean floor.
The production of non-thermal light by creatures' converting chemical energy
to light energy to lure prey, attract a mate, or assist in keeping like species
together. An estimated 75 percent of benthic creatures glow
The living organisms of the environment.
The production of organic material by energy from chemical reactions rather
than light.
Feed on other organisms (plant or animal) because they cannot make their
own food.
Extends from the edge of the continent outward to where the bottom sharply
drops off into a steep slope.
The steep incline between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain.
A community of different but interdependent species and their non-living
environment.
Body of water where a river meets the ocean
13. Fauna
14. Flora
15. Food Chain
16. Habitat
Animals.
Plants.
A hierarchy of food relationships from the simplest to most complex.
17. Hydrothermal Vent
An opening in the sea floor where super-heated water and other material are
discharged into the surrounding seawater.
The area that lies between the low-tide and the high-tide line.
A chain of undersea mountains that circles the earth through every ocean.
Free-swimming organisms whose movements are independent of the tides,
currents, and waves.
The first 200 meters (656 feet) of ocean water, which includes the seashore
and most of the continental shelf.
Extends from 200 meters (656 feet) deep all the way down to the bottom of
the ocean.
The deepest parts of the ocean. The deepest one is the Marianas Trench
(located in the South Pacific Ocean - almost 5 miles (8.05 kilometers) deep.
18. Intertidal Zone
19. Mid-Ocean Ridge
20. Nekton
21. Neritic Zone
22. Oceanic Zone
23. Ocean trench
The immediate space where an animal or plant lives and has food, water and
protection.
24. Photic Zone
The top layer of the ocean where sunlight penetrates.
25. Photosynthesis
A chemical process where plants and algae use a sun's energy to make
sugars from carbon dioxide and water.
26. Phytoplankton
The plant and algae component of the plankton; the primary producers of
most ocean food webs.
27. Producer
a living thing that produces its own food within itself, usually by using sunlight
energy in photosynthesis
the amount of dissolved solids in seawater
the upward movement to the ocean surface of deeper, cold and usually
nutrient-rich waters, especially along some shores, due to the offshore
movement of surface waters
Animal component of the plankton that feed on phytoplankton and other
zooplankton (primary consumers).
28. Salinity
29. Upwelling
30. Zooplankton