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A. Multiple Choice
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The law of independent assortment is defined as
a) A pair of factors separated during the formation
of gametes
b) Inherited characteristics are controlled by genes
that occur in pairs during cross fertilization,
each parent contributes one of its genes.
c) One gene can mask the effect of another if it is
dominant.
d) Factors are separated and distributed
independently of other factors and pairs every
time.
Gregor Mendel concluded that there must be _______
that are passed on that are more dominant than other
a) Factors
b) Paired chromosomes
c) Alleles
d) Phenotypes
To determine if an individual is homo/heterozygous you
must use a __________.
a) punnett square
b) chi square
c) test cross
d) epistasis
A father is homozygous dominant for the trait of
widows peak, the mother is homozygous recessive.
What are their genotypes?
a) Rr x Rr
b) RR x RR
c) rr x rr
d) RR x rr
An organism with genotype RrYY would produce how
many different kinds of gametes?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
6.
A chi square is
a) a test of statistical significance.
b) A test to determine genotypes
c) A test to determine phenotypes
d) A test to determine if nondisjunction has
occurred.
7.
Galactose is
a) Antigen of blood type A
b) Antigen of blood type B
c) Antigen of blood type AB
d) Antigen of blood type O
8.
9.
Collaborator genes are
a) A gene pair that can affect many traits at once.
b) Many genes affecting one trait to result in a
range of phenotypes.
c) Many genes affecting a variety of traits that
together influence one general descriptive.
d) Two gene pairs influencing the same trait to
produce entirely new phenotypes.
A homonym for homozygous is
a) hybrid
b) pure
c) dominant
d) recessive
10. If I flip a coin 5 times and it turns up heads every time,
the chance that it will be heads again on the 6th time is
a) 0%
b) 25%
c) 50%
d) 75%
11. For organisms who use external fertilization, the female
must lay its eggs in a
a) Dry environment.
b) Cold environment.
c) Wet environment
d) Warm environment
12. Fertilization of the egg in a human must occur in the
a) uterus
b) stomach
c) uterine lining
d) fallopian tube
13. _________ of the embryo secretes an enzyme called
human chorionic gonadotropic hormone.
a) Chorion
b) umbilical
c) Amnion
d) placenta
14. A zygote is
a) a hollow sphere with a fluid filled interior
b) a solid mass of cells
c) a fertilized egg cell.
d) A birthing hormone.
15. The cervix is a(n)
a) organ that produces gametes
b) narrow opening to the vagina
c) sac where the eggs are stored.
16. On average, what percent of a man’s sperm is defective?
a) 60%
b) 20%
c) 22%
d) 14%
17. A single sperm is
a) smaller than the egg.
b) Larger than the egg.
c) The same size as the egg.
18. An egg is
a) incapable of moving.
b) Capable of moving at all times.
c) Capable of moving only when sperm has
fertilized it.
d) Incapable of moving only one the sperm has
fertilized it.
19. A follicle is a
a) sac that surrounds the egg.
b) The head of a sperm.
c) Third division of a zygote.
20. An ovary
a) contains the sperm
b) contains the eggs
c) contains the zygotes.
21. What provides attachment for spindle fibers?
a) Chromatids
b) Centromere
c) Centrioles
d) None of the above.
22. Cytokinesis is the division of the
a) cytoplasm
b) chromosomes
c) centrioles
d) spindle fibers
23. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in
which one cell divides into
a) 2 identical cells
b) 4 identical cells
c) 2 different cells
d) 1 new cell.
24. What is oogenesis?
a) creation of estrogen
b) creation of a sperm
c) creation of the egg
d) pregnancy
25. Somatic cells are
a) body cells
b) sex cells
c) bacteria cells
d) fungus cells
26. a human has how many pairs of chromosomes?
a) 12
b) 23
c) 42
d) 46
32. When a transition or tranversion alters the codon, but
doesn’t actually affect the polypeptide, this is a
a) silent mutation
b) missence mutation
c) nonsence mutation
d) splice site mutation
27. Animal cells do not contain
a) mitochondria
b) nucleus
c) chloroplasts
d) golgi body
33. Insertions and deletions can result in a
a) silence mutation
b) misense mutation
c) frame shift
d) splice site mutation
28. The two successive nuclear divisions are
a) meiosis and mitosis
b) meiosis I and meiosis II
c) mitosis and cytokinesis
d) synthesis and gap phase I
34. Polyploidy occurs mostly in
a) animals
b) plants
c) humans
d) polygamists
29. Which of the following is not a source of mutation?
a) ionizing radiation
b) chemical mutagens
c) radiowaves
d) ultraviolet radiation
35. The rungs that form the center of the DNA double helix
are
a) amino groups
b) nitrogen containing bases
c) carbohydrates
d) phosphate groups
30. Which of the following kinds of mutations is not a type
of transposition?
a) deletion
b) translocation
c) transversion
d) inversion
36. Trisomy is caused by
a) mispairing
b) nondisjunction
c) point mutation
d) transposition
31. When one pruine/pyrimadine is replaced with another
purine/primadine, that type of mutation is
a) Transversion
b) Transition
c) Insertion
d) Deletion
37. which of the foloiwng is not an example of a method of
fossilization?
a) preservation in silt
b) preservation in ice
c) molds and casts
d) preservation in amber.
38. Who was the first person to publish works on evolution?
a) Darwin
b) Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
c) Charles Lyell
d) Hershey and Chase
39. In relative dating, the fossils found in the lowest layer of
rock are
a) the most recent
b) the oldest
c) the most accurate
Use the following word bank to fill in the blanks.
45. Parallel evolution is when
a) there is a large disaster
b) a common ancestor took two separate paths and
two different species evolved.
c) Two organisms evolve in a common way
d) Organisms become more similar because of
environment.
40. Carbon 14 decays into
a) carbon 13
b) silt
c) nitrogen
d) carbon 12
B.
41. carbon 14 dacays at a rate of one half-life in
a) 5730 years
b) 5000 years
c) 7500 years
d) 5730 years
Thymine
Amino Acids
Watson & Crick
Lipids
42. Individuals are considered of the same species when
a) they look the same
b) they have the same DNA
c) they can successfully mate with each other
d) they exist in the same space.
43. Who introduced the concept of mutations as a cause of
evolution?
a) Darwin
b) Hugo de Vries
c) Hardy & Weinberg
d) Lamarck
44. Variation can occur by sexual reproduction during
a) crossing over
b) mitosis
c) development
d) fertilization
Match the following terms with the correct description
DNA ligase
first made & names the
double helix
chains of fatty acids
joins the segments together
is replaced by uracil in rna
have a carboxyl acid group
amber,
analogous structures,
comparative
anatomy,
comparative DNA ,
comparative
embryology, fossils, homologous structures, mutations,
radioactive-carbon dating, vestigial structures,
1.
____________are still accepted as the best evidence of
evolution.
2. _______________have similar structures and similar
embryonic development but different functions.
3. ___________ is comparison of patterns of development.
4. _________ are structures that have reduced in size due
to necessities changing, rendering that structure useless.
5. _____________ arise when the DNA within a
chromosome is altered.
6. _______________ is the dating methods where atoms
are carefully examined for isotopes. It is the most
accurate form of fossil dating.
7. _____________ is tree sap which can preserve whole
insects for millions of years. Starting out as a very
viscous liquid, eventually becoming as hard as rock.
8. _______________ have similar external forms and
functions but differ internally.
9. ________________ is the process of comparing bodily
similarities between organisms for evidence of evolution
from a common ancestor.
10. _______________ is the process of comparing gene
base sequences, looking for a possible common ancestry
between organisms.
Use the following word bank to fill in the blanks.
Chase,
Codon, Intron,
Exon
Frameshift,
Insertion,
Intron,
Nonsence,
Point,
Purines, Pyrimmidines,
Splice-Site,
Translocation,
Transpositions, Transversion,
Deletion,
Indels,
Inversion,
Polypeptide,
Silent,
Both insertions and deletions are known as _______ and
result in a _________
2. ________ occurs when large segments of a strand is
altered
3. ________ occurs when an entire segment of a
chromosome is moved to a new location.
4. When a new nucleotide changes the codon to produce a
terminator prematurely it is known as _________.
5. When a base pair is removed or a base pair is added, it is
known as __________ and ___________ respectively.
6. ___________ is when a new nucleotide produces a
premature AUG codon and ___________ is translated
into the polypeptide.
7. ______________ is the flipping around of a sequence
making it impossible to translate properly.
8. Transversions, transitions, insertions and deletins are all
examples of __________ mutations.
9. A mutation where the new nucleotide does not change
the polypeptide at all because the new codon codes for
the same amino acid is known as
___________mutation.
10. _______________ is when the complimentary
nucleotides are reversed – purine is replaced by the
complementary pyrimidine or vice-versa.
11. Adenine and guanine are both ___________ where as
cytosine and thymine are both ______________
12. Hershey and __________ used bacteriophages in their
studies of heredity.
13. any portion of the strand not responsible for coding a
polypeptide is discarded and is called ___________.
The portion used for coding is called the ___________
14. Each ___________ on the mRNA matches a specific
amino acid.
15. Amino acids are linked together in chains to make one
protein molecule called a ___________.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
1.
14.
Use the following word bank to match each of the following
terms with the correct definition
15.
16.
Acrosome, Allele,
Codominance,
Fertilization,
Heredity,
Dominance, mitosis,
Segregation,
Unit characters,
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Autosomes,
cytokinesis,
Flagella,
Implantation,
Pleiotrophy,
Somatic cells,
Zygote
Asters,
Epistasis,
Germ cells,
Incomplete
Rhesus factor,
spermatogenisis,
_______________: Inherent characteristics are
controlled by genes that occur in pairs during cross
fertilization.
_______________: when one gene pair affects many
traits at once.
_______________: chromosomes not involved in
determining the sex of an individual
_______________: one gene pair can surpress the
phenotypic expression of another. Not the reverse
_______________: an antigen that if you have it, you
are said to be Rh+, if you do not have the antigen, you
are Rh_______________: The passing of traits from parents to
offspring.
_______________: where a pair of factor genes
separate during formation of gametes.
_______________: traits are intermingled ie. Spots
_______________: traits are blended ie. Red + white
produces pink.
_______________: the possible forms of a gene or
traits.
_______________: structure that allows sperm to move
_______________: An enzyme that guides the sperm
towards the egg.
_______________: An enzyme that helps the sperm
enter the egg.
_______________: Fertilization results in the creation
of this.
_______________: Marks the beginning of pregnancy.
_______________: the fibres that extend outward from
the centrioles during
prophase to form the spindle
fibres.
_______________: body cells
_______________: cells of gonads that make gametes
_______________: division of the nucleus
_______________: division of the cytoplasm
_______________: creation of the sperm.
C. Diagrams
1.
AB
A
B
O
O
A
This diagram shows the children in a family. It is
suspected that there may have been a mix up at the
hospital where they took home the wrong baby.
Determine which child is not theirs and explain how you
know.
2.
Genotype
AA+AO-BB++
BO-AB+OO+-
Phenotype
Antigen
6.
Two different fossils are revealed by digging in the
following canyon. Which of the fossils is older and
what type of fossil dating is this called?
3.
1
2
D. Short Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
4.
Draw and label each of the following parts on an amino
acid.
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
5.
central caron
amino group
carboxyl acid group
single hydrogen
the “R” group
Draw the stages of DNA replication and label your
drawings to describe the process.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
What are the two hormones produced by the pituitary
gland and what is the function of each?
What is testosterone and what is its role in development?
Describe the function of the amnion and chorion.
Explain how a sperm finds its way to an egg.
Explain the corpus leuteum stage of the menstrual cycle.
List the characteristics of an egg.
What hormones do the ovaries produce and what do
these do?
What is a morula?
What are the benefits of external fertilization and
internal fertilization?
What are the 2 mammals that do not develop internally
in the womb and where do each develop?
Describe the differences between the egg and the sperm.
Explain the difference between prophase and prophase I
Using the following strand of DNA, determine the
polypeptide it codes for and make two different (and
separate) mutations with it.
AAUGTTAGGAAATGGCTAAT
Explain four difference between DNA and RNA
What are the nucleotides found in DNA made of?
What is DNA responsible for?
What do we need for protein synthesis?
18. Describe the process of DNA replication using a
diagram.
19. Describe the process of transcription.
20. Give two examples of the extraordinary ways in which
some organisms are camouflaged.
21. Discuss two weaknesses in Darwin’s theory of
evolution.
22. Two of Darwin’s main points were the “struggle for
existence” and “survival of the fittest”. Are these two
mutually exclusive? Explain.
23. A fossilized femur is discovered in South-western Asia.
It contains 48% of the C14 expected in living tissue.
How old is it?
24. The human appendix is much smaller than it was in
ancestral organisms. What purpose did it serve in the
past that is no longer a factor in modern days, and why
is it smaller? Bonus: What kind of structure is it?
25. Is the whale more closely related to a fish or a human?
Explain.
26. How can embryological development support
evolutionary relationships?
27. If a particular illness is caused by a recessive gene and is
expressed in 1/100 dogs, what chance does Pongo have
of being a carrier?
28. Explain why, in a oak forest, black moths are more
common than white moths.
29. Name and describe each phase of meiosis
30. What is the main difference between sexual
reproduction and asexual reproduction?
31. Explain and describe three pieces of evidence of
evolution.
32. What are Darwin’s main points of the origin of species
and what ere the weaknesses in his theory?
33. What are the five mechanisms for variation?
34. How do Lamarch and Darwin’s theories of evolution
differ?