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THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
A ____________ is any organ __________________________________________.
Endocrine glands are groups of tissues ____________________________________ from materials already
present in the blood or lymph.
Hormones act as ____________________________. They coordinate and direct activities of target cells and
organs throughout the body.
Negative Feedback
A mechanism that regulates homeostasis within the body. A drop in the level of a hormone will trigger a
cascade of events that will result in an increase of that hormone. The opposite can also occur, too much of a
hormone will send a signal to stop or decrease the production of that hormone.
The Pituitary Gland
Divided into ______________ and ______________ lobes.
Known as the _________________________ because of its major influence in body’s activities
The Anterior Pituitary Lobe
1. Growth Hormone (_____)
Is responsible for ______________ and _____________________of ____________ and ________________.
Also helps ________ to be used for energy; this ____________________________________.
2. Prolactin hormone (_____)
_____________________________________________ and stimulates the production of __________ after
childbirth. The function in males is _______________.
3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (_____)
Stimulates the _____________ and secretion of the ___________________________
4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (______)
Stimulates the ____________ and secretion of the ____________________________
The Posterior Pituitary Lobe:
______________ 2 hormones made by the _______________________:
1. Oxytocin
Released during ______________________.
Causes strong ____________________ of the _________________.
2. Vasopressin
Changes into _______________________ hormone (ADH) as soon as it enters the bloodstream.
Maintains a _______________________________ by increasing the amount of water that is absorbed by the
kidneys.
Results in _______________________________ output and _______________________________ volume.
Thyroid Gland
Secretes 3 hormones:
1. Triiodothyronine (T3)
2. Thyroxine (T4)
3.
Calcitonin
Iodine hormones
These hormones are produced when thyroid stimulating hormone triggers the thyroid to become active.
1. and 2. The first 2 hormones (T3 and T4) _____________________________ to work properly.
The iodine for these hormones comes _____________________________ it combines with the amino acid
_________________ to form T3 and T4
T 3 and T4 control the rate of _______________________________________ throughout the body.
3. Calcitonin controls the ________________________________________________ in the bloodstream.
_____________ levels of calcium ions in the blood stimulate the ______________________ of calcitonin.
Calcium is then stored in _____________ and calcium concentrations in the blood stream _________________
Parathyroid Glands
Secretes a hormone called _______________________ (PTH).
Extracts calcium from bones to ____________________________________________________ levels.
The hormone causes an increase in number and size of ___________________ (bone-demineralizing cells)
which _______________________________ from the bones.
Thymus
The major hormone is ____________________
Stimulates the lymphoid cells which are responsible for the production of __________ an important part of the
_____________________________.
Adrenal Glands
Epinephrine (adrenalin)
Released in response to _______________.
_________________ the _________________________ and helps the __________________________
_______________ for energy needs.
Considered the “fight or flight” hormone
Gonads (sex organs)
1. Ovaries – the __________________ sex organs, found at the end of each Fallopian tube; produces:
estrogen for __________________________________________ and progesterone which prepares
the ___________________ for implantation.
2. Testes – the ___________ sex organ; found in the scrotum sac; produces: testosterone for
__________________________________.
Pancreas
Pancreas as an endocrine gland produces:
1. insulin - a hormone that promotes the _____________________________________ by cells
2. glucagon - a hormone that causes the liver to ___________________________________
______________ and release it as glucose into the bloodstream
Pineal Gland
Produces the hormone _____________________
Amount of light entering the eye affects the amount of melatonin secreted
The ______________ it is, the ____________________________ produced. The ________________
it is, the ___________________________ produced.
Causes low body temperature & ______________________.