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Breast cancer risk factors
Breast cancer risk factors

... cancers are diagnosed after the menopause; about 75% of breast cancer cases occur after 50 years of age. Age is considered to be a likely surrogate for DNA damage accumulated during life. ...
Iodine Monograph - Alternative Medicine Review
Iodine Monograph - Alternative Medicine Review

... Deficiency States and Symptoms According to the World Health Organization, over 30 percent of the world’s population (2 billion people) suffers from insufficient iodine intake.22 Iodine deficiency is generally considered to be the most common cause of preventable brain damage globally. Also known as ...
Chapter 7 The Thyroid Gland Introduction - Rose
Chapter 7 The Thyroid Gland Introduction - Rose

... androgens reduce the amount of TBG, while estrogens increase TBG levels, especially during pregnancy. These observations are of some clinical relevance for individuals being treated with thyroid hormone, since the levels of exogenous thyroid hormone required will be affected by the presence of other ...
Thyroid hormones and breast cancer-prospective
Thyroid hormones and breast cancer-prospective

... The association between total triiodothyronine (T3) levels and breast cancer risk was studied in 2185 women with 146 incident breast cancer cases. The association of free T3 and free thyroxin (T4) levels in relation to breast cancer risk was studied in 676 breastcancer cases and 680 controls. It was ...
A Longitudinal Assessment of Hormonal and Physical
A Longitudinal Assessment of Hormonal and Physical

dhea in poor responders
dhea in poor responders

... • It may be measured when a woman presents with signs and symptoms such as amenorrhea, infertility, and/or those related to virilization. These changes vary in severity and may include: • A deeper voice • Hirsutism • Male pattern baldness • Muscularity • Acne • Decreased breast size • DHEAS levels m ...
Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Breast Cancer
Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Breast Cancer

... In the latter part of 1995 detailed discussions began about the development of guidelines for the management of breast cancer by New Zealand surgeons. A small advisory group identified problem areas in management and sought the support and participation of a number of surgeons identified as having a ...
Late-Onset Hypogonadism
Late-Onset Hypogonadism

... most malignant form of prostate cancer — is directly proportional to the decrease in serum testosterone. A good therapy for increasing testosterone serum levels can reverse the problems associated with aging such as type-2 diabetes, sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, hyper-lipidemia and ischemic hear ...
Thyroid Hormones
Thyroid Hormones

... Cellular metabolic activity  Thyroid hormone ...
One of the impressive effects of ACTH is its
One of the impressive effects of ACTH is its

... (Submitted for publication May 27, 1958; accepted July 3, 1958) ...
Iodine “A Mineral Most Sublime” - Healing Pathways Medical Clinic
Iodine “A Mineral Most Sublime” - Healing Pathways Medical Clinic

... 11. Toxicity from chlorinated pesticides, flouridated water, brominated breads and flame retardants, perchlorate from Colorado river, and Sucralose (Splenda). 12. Vit A and cortisol needed to help receptor receive thyroid into the cell. 13. Exercise will make some people worse (no mitochondrial ATP ...
Slowing the Aging Process with Natural Progesterone
Slowing the Aging Process with Natural Progesterone

... of the growing fetus throughout gestation. Also, progesterone is an important precursor in the biosynthesis of adrenal corticosteroids and of all the sex hormones, and provides many important intrinsic physiological functions, the lack of which can lead to symptoms often associated with aging as wel ...
Slowing the Aging Process with Natural Progesterone
Slowing the Aging Process with Natural Progesterone

... of the growing fetus throughout gestation. Also, progesterone is an important precursor in the biosynthesis of adrenal corticosteroids and of all the sex hormones, and provides many important intrinsic physiological functions, the lack of which can lead to symptoms often associated with aging as wel ...
The Endocrine System, Second Edition
The Endocrine System, Second Edition

... population will suffer from an endocrine disease during their lifetime. There are several examples of common endocrine diseases: osteoporosis, the bone-weakening disease, affects one-third of older women. Around one in six women has polycystic ovarian disease. In addition, an increasing number of th ...
Thyroid Pharmacology
Thyroid Pharmacology

... MOA: Does not effect exogenous thyroid hormone, inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone by inhibiting iodide incorporation into tyrosine and the coupling of iodotyrosines * inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3 ...
Relationship Between Circulating Cortisol and Testosterone
Relationship Between Circulating Cortisol and Testosterone

... the present study is a limitation within our data. Ideally, the blood sampling times should have been precisely identical and standardized in Trial #1 and # 2 as has been recommended by others (Daly et al., 2005). Nevertheless, the Exercise Recovery data for cortisol and total testosterone in the pr ...
hypthalamus and pitutary glands
hypthalamus and pitutary glands

... Assessment of Target Gland Function • If endocrine hypofunction is suspected, pituitary hormone deficiencies must be distinguished from primary failure of the thyroid, adrenals, or gonads • Baseline laboratory studies should include: – thyroid function tests (free T4) – and determination of serum t ...
Bioidentical Hormones - W Clinic of Integrative Medicine
Bioidentical Hormones - W Clinic of Integrative Medicine

... with non-bioidentical progestin had a 69% increased risk of breast cancer, compared to the control group. However, for women who used bioidentical progesterone in combination with estrogen, the increased risk of breast cancer was completely eliminated with a significant reduction in breast cancer ri ...
Bioidentical Hormones
Bioidentical Hormones

... with non-bioidentical progestin had a 69% increased risk of breast cancer, compared to the control group. However, for women who used bioidentical progesterone in combination with estrogen, the increased risk of breast cancer was completely eliminated with a significant reduction in breast cancer ri ...
multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD)
multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD)

... One of the main functions of the hormone called growth hormone is to stimulate growth and this is why it has this name. However, in adult life, as well as in childhood, growth hormone has other equally important functions which are not directly related to growth such as the control of the level of s ...
Testosterone For Women
Testosterone For Women

... Women provide a far more complex sex-hormone picture than men, with three hormones contributing to the overall makeup of their hormonal balance. Women produce estrogen, progesterone and testosterone. The ovaries produce the bulk of estrogen during the years leading up to menopause and substantially ...
biomolecules - Sakshi Education
biomolecules - Sakshi Education

... Mineralo corticoids useful for water–salt balance in the body. These cause excretion of potassium in urine. b) Glucocorticoids are made by cortex. These are useful to modify certain metabolic reactions. Gluco corticoids have anti–inflammatory effect. ...
Sexual dichotomy of gonadal function in Prader–Willi syndrome from
Sexual dichotomy of gonadal function in Prader–Willi syndrome from

... what is known already: The etiology of hypogonadism in PWS is heterogeneous and the clinical expression is variable. Primary testicular failure is common in PWS men, while combinations of ovarian dysfunction and gonadotrophin deficiency are seen in women. ...
What You Must Know About Women`s Hormones
What You Must Know About Women`s Hormones

... • TMG (betaine) • Reducing catecholamine production by decreasing  stress ...
Alterations in Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Function
Alterations in Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Function

... size and shape of the sella turcica (i.e., depression in the sphenoid bone that contains the pituitary gland) and determine if a pituitary tumor exists. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed axial tomography (CT) scans of the hypothalamicpituitary area may be done if a pituitary lesion is sus ...
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Gynecomastia



Gynecomastia is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which there is a non-cancerous increase in the size of breast tissue in males. Most adolescent boys, up to 70%, have some breast development during puberty. Newborn and adolescent males often experience temporary gynecomastia due to the influence of maternal hormones and hormonal changes during puberty, respectively.The development of gynecomastia is usually associated with benign pubertal changes; in adolescent boys, the condition is often a source of psychological distress. However, 75% of pubertal gynecomastia cases resolve within two years of onset without treatment. In rare cases, gynecomastia has been known to occur in association with certain disease states. Gynecomastia may be seen in individuals with Klinefelter syndrome or certain cancers, with disorders involving the endocrine system or metabolic dysfunction, with the use of certain medications, or in older males due to a natural decline in testosterone production.Disturbances in the endocrine system that lead to an increase in the ratio of estrogens/androgens are thought to be responsible for the development of gynecomastia. This may occur even if the levels of estrogens and androgens are both appropriate but the ratio is altered. The disorder is usually diagnosed by a physician after a detailed history and physical examination. Conservative management of gynecomastia is often appropriate as the condition commonly resolves on its own. Medical treatment of gynecomastia that has persisted beyond two years is often ineffective. Medications such as aromatase inhibitors have been found to be effective in rare cases of gynecomastia from disorders such as aromatase excess syndrome or Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, but surgical removal of the excess tissue is usually required.
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