Download Old Final Exam WITH ANSWERS!!

Name:___KEY_________
FINAL EXAM
ABT / ASC / ENT 360 Genetics
12/15/03
Multiple Choice. Answer the following questions by writing the correct letter in the
blank to the left of the question. (3 points each)
_A___ 1. Which of the following is the formula for broad-sense heritability?
A. H2=Vg/Vp B. H2=Vd/Va C. h2=Va/Vp D. R=Sh2 E. Vg=Va+Vd+Vi.
_B___ 2. Which of the following populations is clearly not meeting anandom mating
assumption for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
A. a herd of bighorn sheep in the Rocky Mountains B. new alleles arising from
mutation C. 10,000 pigeons in Fayette County. D. an outcrossing tree species
like shortleaf pine.
__C__ 3. What is the term for mating pairs being more different (‘opposites attract’) than
would be expected by chance?
A. attraction of the fittest B. positive assortative mating C. negative assortative
mating D. founder effect E. heritability.
_D___ 4. Which genetic variance component is most important to plant and animal
breeders because it involves the cumulative effect of many genes (alleles) that can
be combined by breeding?
A. environmental B. dominance C. interaction D. additive E. phenotypic.
_E___ 5. What is the name for a gene that is nonfunctional due to its lacking a proper
promoter or some other essential component, but resembles functional genes in a
gene family?
A. retrogene B. intron C. exon D. drift E. pseudogene.
_C___ 6. Who is considered to be the father of genetics, due to his work with
segregation studies in the pea plant?
A. Charles Darwin B. Socrates C. Gregor Mendel D. Thomas Hunt Morgan
E. Barbara McClintock.
__B__ 7. What is the term that describes a sharp reduction in genetic variation in a
population following migration to and colonization of a new area by a species?
A. genetic drift B. bottleneck C. heterozygosity D. inbreeding E dominance.
__B__ 8. Which of the following is the general description of evolution given in the
textbook?
A. amount of inbreeding in a population B. change in gene frequency in a
population over time C. humans descending from monkeys D. how the
molecular clock drives genetic change E. all of the above.
2
_D___ 9. Parent-offspring regression is another method to determine what genetic
parameter?
A. inbreeding B. genetic drift C. heterozygosity D. heritability E. dominance.
_C___ 10. For traits with low heritability, which source of variation is expected to be
greater?
A. additive genetic B. dominance genetic C. environmental D. interaction.
Problems/Discussion
1. Calculate the allele frequencies from the following genotype frequencies. Which of
these populations satisfy HWE? (15 points)
f(MM)
f(MN)
f(NN)
a)
0.01
0.18
0.81
b)
0.50
0.30
c)
0.25
d)
0.64
f(M) = p
f(N) = q
HWE?
0.1
0.9
YES
0.20
0.65
0.35
NO
0.50
0.25
0.5
0.5
YES
0.27
0.09
0.775 0.225
NO
2. There are several theories about the origin of introns in eukaryotic genomes. Briefly
tell me two possible origins and/or functions of introns. (10 points)
(NOT APPLICABLE FOR 2005 EXAM)
3. Tell me an example of a qualitative trait and a quantitative trait. Use whatever
organism you would like. (8 points)
qualitative (Mendelian) trait: plant height in peas (tall v. dwarf)
quantitative (polygenic) trait: seed yield in pea
4. Tell me what the Hardy-Weinberg Principle is about. What are three of the
assumptions (or requirements) for this principle to hold true? (12 points)
With random mating, no mutation, no migration, no genetic drift (large population
size), no natural selection, allele frequencies in the population are related to
genotype frequencies by the following equation: p2 + 2pq + q2=1 where
p=frequency of one allele, q=frequency of the other allele, p2 = frequency of
homozygous individuals for the ‘p’ allele, 2pq=frequency of heterozygous
individuals, and q2 =frequency of homozygous individuals for the ‘q’ allele.
5. Briefly discuss the central dogma of genetics. Tell me how DNA, RNA, and proteins
are involved in determining the trait of an organism. (25 points)
(NOT APLICABLE FOR 2005 – ALREADY ASKED SEVERAL TIMES ON
OTHER EXAMS.)