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Name:___KEY_________ FINAL EXAM ABT / ASC / ENT 360 Genetics 12/15/03 Multiple Choice. Answer the following questions by writing the correct letter in the blank to the left of the question. (3 points each) _A___ 1. Which of the following is the formula for broad-sense heritability? A. H2=Vg/Vp B. H2=Vd/Va C. h2=Va/Vp D. R=Sh2 E. Vg=Va+Vd+Vi. _B___ 2. Which of the following populations is clearly not meeting anandom mating assumption for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium? A. a herd of bighorn sheep in the Rocky Mountains B. new alleles arising from mutation C. 10,000 pigeons in Fayette County. D. an outcrossing tree species like shortleaf pine. __C__ 3. What is the term for mating pairs being more different (‘opposites attract’) than would be expected by chance? A. attraction of the fittest B. positive assortative mating C. negative assortative mating D. founder effect E. heritability. _D___ 4. Which genetic variance component is most important to plant and animal breeders because it involves the cumulative effect of many genes (alleles) that can be combined by breeding? A. environmental B. dominance C. interaction D. additive E. phenotypic. _E___ 5. What is the name for a gene that is nonfunctional due to its lacking a proper promoter or some other essential component, but resembles functional genes in a gene family? A. retrogene B. intron C. exon D. drift E. pseudogene. _C___ 6. Who is considered to be the father of genetics, due to his work with segregation studies in the pea plant? A. Charles Darwin B. Socrates C. Gregor Mendel D. Thomas Hunt Morgan E. Barbara McClintock. __B__ 7. What is the term that describes a sharp reduction in genetic variation in a population following migration to and colonization of a new area by a species? A. genetic drift B. bottleneck C. heterozygosity D. inbreeding E dominance. __B__ 8. Which of the following is the general description of evolution given in the textbook? A. amount of inbreeding in a population B. change in gene frequency in a population over time C. humans descending from monkeys D. how the molecular clock drives genetic change E. all of the above. 2 _D___ 9. Parent-offspring regression is another method to determine what genetic parameter? A. inbreeding B. genetic drift C. heterozygosity D. heritability E. dominance. _C___ 10. For traits with low heritability, which source of variation is expected to be greater? A. additive genetic B. dominance genetic C. environmental D. interaction. Problems/Discussion 1. Calculate the allele frequencies from the following genotype frequencies. Which of these populations satisfy HWE? (15 points) f(MM) f(MN) f(NN) a) 0.01 0.18 0.81 b) 0.50 0.30 c) 0.25 d) 0.64 f(M) = p f(N) = q HWE? 0.1 0.9 YES 0.20 0.65 0.35 NO 0.50 0.25 0.5 0.5 YES 0.27 0.09 0.775 0.225 NO 2. There are several theories about the origin of introns in eukaryotic genomes. Briefly tell me two possible origins and/or functions of introns. (10 points) (NOT APPLICABLE FOR 2005 EXAM) 3. Tell me an example of a qualitative trait and a quantitative trait. Use whatever organism you would like. (8 points) qualitative (Mendelian) trait: plant height in peas (tall v. dwarf) quantitative (polygenic) trait: seed yield in pea 4. Tell me what the Hardy-Weinberg Principle is about. What are three of the assumptions (or requirements) for this principle to hold true? (12 points) With random mating, no mutation, no migration, no genetic drift (large population size), no natural selection, allele frequencies in the population are related to genotype frequencies by the following equation: p2 + 2pq + q2=1 where p=frequency of one allele, q=frequency of the other allele, p2 = frequency of homozygous individuals for the ‘p’ allele, 2pq=frequency of heterozygous individuals, and q2 =frequency of homozygous individuals for the ‘q’ allele. 5. Briefly discuss the central dogma of genetics. Tell me how DNA, RNA, and proteins are involved in determining the trait of an organism. (25 points) (NOT APLICABLE FOR 2005 – ALREADY ASKED SEVERAL TIMES ON OTHER EXAMS.)