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Name _________________________________ Date _________ Pd _____ The Roman Republic Becoming a Republic: How did Rome become a great power? In 509 BC, Romans overthrew Tarquin and established a republic. o Republic- a form of government where citizens elect their leaders. By 267 BC, Rome controlled most of Italy o Strong army- all male citizens who owned land served in army o Organized into legions (small groups of soldiers) which were easier to manage Who Ruled Rome: Built military outposts in conquered lands to protect these areas Treated conquered people fairly o Roman Confederation- full citizenship (vote and serve in government, treated like all other citizens under the law) o Allies- (Friends) paid taxes and provided soldiers but allowed to manage themselves ] Governing Rome: How did conflict between classes change Rome’s government? Patricians- ruling class, wealthy land owners from oldest families Plebeians- middle class or poor (artisans, shopkeepers, farmers) Plebeians had a lower social position that patricians o Illegal for patricians and plebeians to marry o Could not hold office o Could not lead ceremonies honoring the gods Government of the Republic: The government of Rome had three branches_________________ o One branch made laws, another ran daily affairs of government, and the last acted as judges Checks and balances made sure that one branch did not become too powerful Consuls- 2 patricians who headed the government o Acted as administrators and army leaders o Served one year o Could veto (say no) to each other’s ideas Praetors- interpreted law, judges, lead armies Legislature- senate (group of 300 patricians) o Served for life o At first, only advised consuls o Later, debated foreign policy, proposed laws, approved construction of roads and temples Assembly of Centuries- legislative group that elected consuls and praetors Conflict Between the Classes: Plebeians frustrated by having no power 494 BC, plebeians went on strike Patricians decide to share power o Allowed plebeians to have their own body of representatives (Council of the Plebs) o Elected officials called tribunes o Tribunes voiced concerns to the government