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... entirely depended upon are brought to an end. ...
Caesar: A Sketch
Caesar: A Sketch

... entirely depended upon are brought to an end. The secondary group of authorities from which the popular histories of the time have been chiefly taken are Appian, Plutarch, Suetonius, and Dion Cassius. Of these the first three were divided from the period which they describe by nearly a century and a ...
james anthony froude caesar: a sketch
james anthony froude caesar: a sketch

... entirely depended upon are brought to an end. The secondary group of authorities from which the popular histories of the time have been chiefly taken are Appian, Plutarch, Suetonius, and Dion Cassius. Of these the first three were divided from the period which they describe by nearly a century and a ...
From Germanicus to Corbulo: The Evolution of Generalship under
From Germanicus to Corbulo: The Evolution of Generalship under

... change from new office-holders every year to a single figure holding imperium for decades – meant for their everyday lives. Though the effects of this change are most frequently made evident through Tacitus’ portrayal of politics in the city of Rome itself, his illustration of the change of the mili ...
The Early Career of Marius
The Early Career of Marius

... about any man's childhood and ancestors, especially if there was no histo­ ry of participation in public life. Politicians from families whose private affairs had for long been in the public domain seldom took the trouble to make elaborate archives of their famous deeds. A man from a family of no pr ...
the sertorian wars, the seeds of a nation
the sertorian wars, the seeds of a nation

... reasons that go back over two thousand years. History records wars of invasion in the Iberian Peninsula in the 6thCBC when the Tartessians fought off incursions by the Phoenician/Carthaginians. By the 3rdCBC, the natives of Hispania (Roman name) had been fighting for and against invaders from Rome a ...
CAESAR`S INVASION OF BRITAIN NATHAN BRAMAN Bachelor of
CAESAR`S INVASION OF BRITAIN NATHAN BRAMAN Bachelor of

... above, he makes little effort to hide it, meaning that it is clear to readers that the Romans had been defeated. He also emphasizes that every defeat, no matter how minor, is swiftly avenged, which is standard Roman policy.16 One likely reason for this honesty was that Caesar was not the only person ...
File - Imperium
File - Imperium

... Then there are the gaps in Caesar’s memoirs, gaps apparently created by his editor Hirtius and publisher Balbus. Some of their erasures are obvious, with the text saying “as stated before,” but with no such previous statement remaining. Other erasures are less obvious, with events suddenly jumping t ...
Book 3 - Roman Roads Media
Book 3 - Roman Roads Media

... prosperous and wealthy city, with a superabundant population, and built a new city at the foot of the Alban hills, which from its position, stretching along the side of the hill, was called "Alba Longa." An interval of thirty years elapsed between the foundation of Lavinium and the colonisation of A ...
THE LOGISTICS OF THE ROMAN ARMY AT WAR (264 B.C.
THE LOGISTICS OF THE ROMAN ARMY AT WAR (264 B.C.

... This book developed out of my dissertation, The Logistics of the Roman Army in the Jewish War (66 –73 A.D.), Columbia University, 1991. I am very grateful to my Doktorvater and mentor, William V. Harris for his support and guidance throughout my graduate studies, and indeed, to the present day. I wo ...
Rome and Italy
Rome and Italy

... we have no record of his holding any office or engaging in public activity. Instead he devoted the course of a long life to writing his History of Rome, which comprised 142 books (thirty-five are still extant; 150 were probably planned) from the foundation of Rome down to 9 B.C. Most of his life was ...
Jupiter`s Legacy: The Symbol of the Eagle and Thunderbolt in
Jupiter`s Legacy: The Symbol of the Eagle and Thunderbolt in

... The thunderbolt and the eagle, the armament and armour-bearer of Jupiter – these symbols had profound cultural significance to the ancients. At first one may think that what was sacred for the Romans has no bearing on modern society, but in truth these icons retain much of their meaning and importan ...
the republican soldier: historiographical representations and human
the republican soldier: historiographical representations and human

... ceased the pursuit of soldiering. Sallust sees the same vision on a larger scale. When war is taken away altogether, the state loses its moral integrity. In all these authors the soldier plays a central role in Rome’s ascendancy, stability, and finally decline. The latter part of the dissertation em ...
Jupiter`s Legacy: The Symbol of the Eagle and Thunderbolt in
Jupiter`s Legacy: The Symbol of the Eagle and Thunderbolt in

... The thunderbolt and the eagle, the armament and armour-bearer of Jupiter – these symbols had profound cultural significance to the ancients. At first one may think that what was sacred for the Romans has no bearing on modern society, but in truth these icons retain much of their meaning and importan ...
A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY Edited by
A COMPANION TO THE ROMAN ARMY Edited by

... 25.6a The bust of Zeus-Ammon-Sarapis, god of Legio III Cyrenaica on the reverse of an urban coin-issue from its garrison town Bostra 25.6b Zeus-Ammon-Sarapis, god of Legio III Cyrenaica, on the reverse of an urban coin-issue from Bostra ...
Quintus Sertorius and the Rebellion in Spain
Quintus Sertorius and the Rebellion in Spain

... his military strategy to utilize the strengths of both his legionaries and his clansmen. No other Roman general had done this before, and his success at doing so allowed for the initial accomplishment of his goals. ...
P. VENTIDIUS-FROM NOVUS HOMO TO `MILITARY HERO`
P. VENTIDIUS-FROM NOVUS HOMO TO `MILITARY HERO`

... allotted provinces (Gell. 15.4.3)-a profitable business, and not disdained even by members of the senatorial class:' Here his expert judgment of beasts would have stood him in good stead. And it was here, at the age of about 30, that he encountered Julius Caesar on his way to tal,e up his new provin ...
Caesar`s Legion: The Epic Saga of Julius Caesar`s Elite
Caesar`s Legion: The Epic Saga of Julius Caesar`s Elite

... In the midst of the 10th Legion’s formation, on horseback and surrounded by his staff, helmeted, and clad in armor, fifty-four-year-old Julius Caesar wore his paludamentum, the eye-catching scarlet cloak of a Roman general. While his troops waited, he spoke briefly with his cavalry commander, Genera ...
The Military Reforms of Gaius Marius in their Social, Economic, and
The Military Reforms of Gaius Marius in their Social, Economic, and

... homo, or “new man,” which indicated that he was not born into one of the powerful consular families and that he was the first person in his family to achieve the consulship, and he also was born into a family near Arpinum, a town in Latium. Marius had risen to success by his martial ability and the ...
fO*^ .3? - IDEALS @ Illinois
fO*^ .3? - IDEALS @ Illinois

... made, shows that no province was established; cf. pp. 6, 7, 12. Mommsen's statement that proof of such organization is seen in the fact that, when Drusus consecrated for Gaul the altar of Augustus at Lyons, the Ubii were not included, but a similar altar was erected for the German cantons, is answer ...
Octavian and Antony: Images of Rome Verses the
Octavian and Antony: Images of Rome Verses the

... dead Caesar. Next, Antony secured the support of key Caesarians such as Balbus, Hirtius (to be consul next year) and Lepidus, the current Master of the Horse (Syme 1974, p97, p109), who would soon take up a military command in Spain. Although Lepidus had some family connections with Brutus, he was s ...
Spartacus - Edublogs
Spartacus - Edublogs

... the rest with Spartacus. Little did they know that the Romans had a surprise for them! Determined to do away with Spartacus and his people once and for all, the Senate sent its top two officials, Lucius Gellius Publicola and Cnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus, to the frontline. Each of the two cons ...
Augustus - Krystallnacht
Augustus - Krystallnacht

... of his adopted sons Gaius and Lucius, and of his nephew Marcellus (see p. 00). The first consulship proved to be only a short episode for the new young Caesar. Antony had recovered from his defeat and, with the support of the governors of the Gallic and Spanish provinces, had established himself in ...
Publicani - Radboud Repository
Publicani - Radboud Repository

... most serious criticism is that the story contains many anachronistic elements. Badian rightly rejected the depiction of the political row which implies “an organized ordo publicanorum with the sort of status and powers it had in the age o f Cicero”. He points also to certain inconsistencies in the a ...
Second Triumvirate Power Point
Second Triumvirate Power Point

... fearing the loss of power, Antony used Caesar's funeral oration as the catalyst that would once more plunge Rome into civil war. At this point, he used brute force and Caesar's massive public popularity to position himself at the top of the Roman political ladder. By late in 44 BC, Antony pushed thr ...
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Roman legion

See List of Roman legions for a catalogue of known late republic, early Empire and late Empire legions, with dates in existence, emblem and locations of deployment.A Roman legion (from Latin legio ""military levy, conscription"", from legere ""to choose"") normally indicates the basic ancient Roman army unit recruited specifically from Roman citizens.In reference to the early Roman Kingdom (as opposed to the Roman Republic or empire), ""the legion"" means the entire Roman army. The subsequent organization of legions varied greatly over time but they were typically composed of around five thousand soldiers, divided into three lines of ten maniples during the republic, and later into ten cohorts during the early empire. Legions also included a small cavalry unit. By the third century, the legion was a much smaller unit of about 1,000 to 1,500 men, and there were more of them. In the fourth century, East Roman border guard legions (limitanei) may have become even smaller.For most of the Roman Imperial period, the legions formed the Roman army's elite heavy infantry, recruited exclusively from Roman citizens, while the remainder of the army consisted of auxiliaries, who provided additional infantry and the vast majority of the Roman army's cavalry. (Provincials who aspired to citizenship gained it when honorably discharged from the auxiliaries). The Roman army, for most of the Imperial period, consisted mostly of auxiliaries rather than legions.Twelve of the legions founded before Common Era were still active until at least the fifth century, notably V Macedonica which was founded by Augustus in 43 BC and was in Egypt in the seventh century during the Islamic conquest of Egypt.
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