Download Typical violations of immunobiological supervision 1. The main

Typical violations of immunobiological supervision
1. The main target of HIV are:
a) lymphocytes; b) T-killer lymphocytes; + c) T-helper lymphocytes; d) NK-cells.
2. Specify the correct statement:
a) receptor for the HIV virus infection is a molecule of CD4;
b) when HIV infection population of T-helper lymphocytes is depleted;
c) when HIV anti-infective immunity is disrupted; + d) all statements are true.
3. Active sensitization of the organism may be caused by:
a) the introduction of specific antibodies; + b) introduction of antigens;
c) the introduction of the sensitized lymphocytes-effectors;
d) introduction of immunostimulators; e) administration of the immunosuppressants.
4. Does not refer to primary immunodeficiencies:
+ a) HIV infection; b) DiGeorge syndrome; c) Bruton agammaglobulinemia;
d) agammaglobulinemia of Swiss type.
5. Hereditary and congenital immunodeficiencies may be:
+ a) combined: with the defeat of the cell (T) and humoral (B) components of immunity;
+ b) with preferred defects of cellular immunity;
+ c) with preferred defects of antibody production by B-lymphocytes;
d) with defects of phagocytosis by microphages (neutro-, baso-, eosinophils);
+ e) with defects of the system of mononuclear phagocytes;
f) with defects of the production of chemotactic factors;
g) with insufficiency of the humoral factors of nonspecific protection.
6. Autoimmune diseases can be caused by:
+ a) disorders of the immune system, manifested in the appearance of antibodies to antigens of
own normal cells; + b) protein denaturation of own cells and tissues;
+ c) formation of antibodies to proteins of cells and organs that are isolated in the ontogeny from
the immune system; + d) formation of antibodies that cross-react with foreign and self proteins;
e) the effect of biogenic amines which released by mast cells; f) the development of tolerance to
tumor Ag.
7. Secondary immunodeficiencies may occur when:
a) extensive burns; b) X-ray irradiation, corticosteroid therapy, thymectomy; c) leukemia; d)
viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal infections and helminthoses; e) malignant tumors; + f) all of the
above.
8. Immunodeficiencies may be based on insufficiency of the following "factors" and / or
processes:
a) antibody production; b) phagocytosis with involving of mononuclear phagocytes; c) Tlymphocytes; d) complement system; + e) all of the above.
9. What cells of the immune system cells are the main target for the AIDS virus:
a) B-lymphocytes; b) T-killers; + c) T-helper cells; d) T-suppressors.
10. What organs and tissues can be attributed to "behind a barrier"?
a) red blood cells; + b) lens of the eye; + c) colloid of the thyroid gland;
d) kidney; + e) gray matter of the brain; + f) testes.
11. Specify diseases that are autoimmune:
+ a) Hashimoto thyroiditis; b) serum sickness; c) pollinosis;
+ d) rheumatoid arthritis; + e) systemic lupus erythematosus.
12. What part of immunity plays the most significant role in causing of autoimmune
diseases?
+a) cell; b) humoral.
13. Specify the primary immunodeficiencies:
+ a) thymic hypoplasia (DiGeorge syndrome);
b) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in childhood;
+ c) Bruton's agammaglobulinemia; d) Klinefelter's syndrome.
14. Which of the following statements are true?
a) receptors for virus of HIV-infection is a molecule of CD4;
b) when HIV-infection is depleted population of T-lymphocytes helpers;
c) when HIV-infection is disrupted of the anti-infective immunity;
+ d) all statements are true.
15. Is it true: pathogenetic essence of reaction "graft versus host" is that the cells contained
in the graft, settled in the organism of recipient and damage its cell?
+a) yes; b) no.
16. Specify the cells, tissues and organs containing autoantigens:
+ a) the thyroid gland; + b) lens of the eye; c) cells of the periosteum; + d) nerve cells.
17. Which of the following pathological processes relate to typical
forms of violation of immunity?
a) hypotrophy of thymus; b) lymphadenopathy; + c) immunodeficiency states;
+ d) pathological tolerance; e) lymphocytic leukemia; + f) reaction of "graft-versus-host
disease."
18. What is one of the important differences between antigen-presenting cells of the
immune system from other cells having phagocytic activity?
a) is not capable to completeness of phagocytosis;
b) have a more high phagocytic activity;
c) have the phagocytic activity only in cooperation with the T- and B-lymphocytes;
+ d) are able to transmit information about alien Ag to T- and B-lymphocytes.
19. What cells of the transplanted tissue ensure the development of reaction "graft versus
host"?
a) stromal; b) blood cells contained in the transplanted organ;
+ c) cells of the immune system that are in the tissues;
d) the cells containing genes of major histocompatibility complex.
20. Immunodeficiency states with predominant lesion of cellular immunity include:
+ a) DiGeorge syndrome; b) Higashi syndrome; + c) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome; d) Louis-Bar
syndrome.
21. Di Giorgi syndrome characterized by the following features:
+ a) congenital pathology; b) the genetic nature of the disease;
+ c) hypoplasia of the thymus; + d) hypocalcemia; e) hypercalcemia.
22. Reduction of efficiency of phagocytosis is observed in the conditions of:
+ a) leukopenia; b) activation of sympathoadrenaladrenal system;
c) activation of complement system; + d) deficit of opsonines.
23. The reasons for incomplete phagocytosis may be:
+ a) an excess amount of glucocorticoids in the blood; b) a moderate increase of body
temperature; + c) failure of the myeloperoxidase system of leukocytes;
d) hypergammaglobulinemia.
24. What is the role of B-lymphocyte in the antibody genesis?
a) convert antigen into an immunogenic form and differentiate into plasma cells - antibody
producers; b) produce an inductor of the immunopoiesis; c) stimulate T-cell system of
lymphocytes; + d) under the influence of specific and non-specific signal derived from T-helper
cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells - antibody producers.
25. What is the role of T-suppressors in immunity?
a) produce blocking antibodies; b) inhibit phagocytosis;
c) inhibit formation of secondary endoallergens; + d) recognize antigens of own organism and
form immune tolerance; + e) prevent autoimmune processes; + f) inhibit the differentiation of Blymphocytes into plasma cells, and thereby inhibit antibody genesis; + g) inhibit the formation of
sensitized lymphocytes, inhibiting cellular immunological reactions.
26. What is the role of T-effectors (killers, sensitized lymphocytes) in immunological
reactions?
+ a) recognize antigen; b) produce the antigen; c) stimulate B- system of lymphocyte; + d) under
the influence of antigenic stimulation proliferate to form a clone of sensitized T-lymphocytes
(killers) and carry out immune reactions of the cellular type; e) together with the T-suppressor
involved in the formation of immunological tolerance.
27. Specify reasons for primary immunodeficiencies
a) toxic effects on the immune system in early childhood;
b) the effect of ionizing radiation; c) frequent infections in childhood; + d) genetically
determined blocks of lymphocytes at different stages of maturation.
28. Indicate the most important immunological mechanisms of failure in immunoglobulin
production:
a) defective of the B-system of lymphocytes; + b) defective of the T-helper cells;
+ c) excess (absolute or relative) and hyperactivity of the T-suppressors;
d) deficiency of the myeloperoxidase system of leukocytes; + e) hypergammaglobulinemia.
29. Why the deficit of protein in the body, caused by any reasons, leads to
immunodeficiency?
+ a) lymphoid cells have the highest level of mitotic activity, and in conditions of protein deficit
is suppressed regeneration of immune organs, in them atrophy develops with inhibition of
function; + b) when protein deficiency is disrupted hormonal regulation of the immune response;
c) lymphoid cells have the lowest level of mitotic activity, and in conditions of protein
deficiency is suppressed regeneration of immune organs, in them atrophy develops with
inhibition of function.
30. What is the main danger of immunodeficient states?
+ a) in an increased tendency to infection, its chronization and generalization;
+ b) an increased tendency to neoplastic processes;
+ c) possibility of development of autoimmune diseases on the basis of immunodeficiency; d)
reduced propensity to neoplastic processes;
e) low propensity to infection, its chronization and generalization.