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Transcript
3.1.1.4 Proteins Proteins are organic molecules. They are built from the connection of many amino acids into a long chain. There are many examples of proteins. Catalase and amylase are enzymes, proteins that cause chemical reactions to occur in a cell. Actin and myosin are the names of muscle proteins that work together to cause a muscle to contract. There are proteins in cell membranes that help identify a cell or serve as a receptor. Adrenalin and insulin are two examples of hormones that are made of protein. All proteins have a special shape that is the result of the interactions among the side chains of the amino acids. Instead of being a long single-stranded molecule, a protein is more like a wound up ball of yarn. It is the shape that a protein coils into that allows it to do its job. But there are several things that will make the protein unwind. Acids and high temperatures often cause a protein to uncoil, or denature. Without its coiled up shape, a protein is useless. Matching _____1. proteins a. protein that acts as a hormone _____ 2. amino acids b. protein that acts as an enzyme _____ 3. amylase c. an uncoiled protein _____ 4. enzyme d. a chain of amino acids _____ 5. insulin e. a protein that speeds up chemical reactions _____ 6. denatured f. building block of a protein True or False _____ 1. Proteins are inorganic molecules. _____ 2. Proteins are organic molecules. _____ 3. Proteins can serve as enzymes. _____ 4. Proteins are made of nucleic acids. _____ 5. Proteins are made of amino acids. _____ 6. An enzyme is a protein that gives energy to a cell. _____ 7. An enzyme is a protein that causes chemical reactions to occur in a cell. _____ 8. Some proteins cause movement of muscles. _____ 9. Some proteins are hormones. _____ 10. Proteins can serve many different functions. _____ 11. Proteins only act as receptors in cell membranes. _____ 12. Insulin is an example of a protein. _____ 13. Glucose is an example of a protein. _____ 14. A protein is like a wound up ball of yarn. _____ 15. A protein will unwind if it is put in strong acids. _____ 16. A protein will unwind if it is heated too much. _____ 17. If a protein unwinds, it cannot do its job. _____ 18. If a protein unwinds, it can still do its job. _____ 19. If a protein unwinds, it can wind up again. _____ 20. If a protein unwinds, it cannot wind up again. Completing Sentences proteins amino acids catalase and amylase actin and myosin receptors adrenalin and insulin wound up unwound denatured acids high temperatures 1. ___________________ are the building block molecules of proteins. 2. __________________ serve may different functions. 3. The amino acids in a protein are _____________ to make a special shape. 4. The special shape can be __________________ by _____________ and _____________________, making the protein useless. 5. When protein unwinds, the protein is called __________________. 6. Proteins, like ________________________________, may act as hormones. 7. Proteins are found as _________________ in cell membranes. 8. Muscle cells move because of the proteins __________________________. 9. Proteins, like ________________________________, may act as enzymes. Answer the following. 1. What are the building blocks of proteins? 2. Name three examples of proteins. 3. What gives a protein its special shape? 4. What does it mean to say a protein is denatured? 5. What are enzymes?