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Biology Meiosis and Mendelian Genetics (chapter 11) Key words Gene Chromosome Alleles Homozygous Heterozygous Genotype Phenotype incomplete dominance codominance sex-linked inheritance polygenic inheritance independent assortment zygote meiosis diploid haploid homologous chromosomes gametes monohybrid cross crossing-over Objectives 1) Explain the purpose of meiosis and also explain what happens to the chromosome number in the gametes of an organism after meiosis. Use the words HAPLOID and DIPLOID in your answer. 2) Explain how independent assortment and genetic recombination (a.k.a.crossing over) (which both occur during meiosis) contribute to the differences between brothers and sisters even though they come from the same parents 3) Describe what homologous chromosomes are (be sure to explain where they come from and how they are similar). Also explain why the X and Y chromosomes are not homologous. 4) Describe the relationship between genes, chromosomes, and DNA. Describe what a trait is and what the relationship is between traits and genes 5) Describe what an allele is. Also explain what is meant by the terms dominant and recessive alleles. 6) Explain and use examples to show the differences between genotype and phenotype AND between homozygous and heterozygous 7) Explain the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance. 8) What is the pattern of inheritance for human blood type? List the genotypes for the 4 different blood types. 9) Describe what is meant by polygenic inheritance. List some traits that are polygenic. 10) ***Be able to do monohybrid crosses dealing with simple dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance (including blood type)*** Study your example problems from class.