Download IB Biology 11 HL

Honors Bio2/ IB Biology HL
1st Semester Final Study Guide
Chemistry
 About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up
approximately 96% of living matter?
 The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains…
 At what temperature is water at its densest?
 A substance with a pH of 6 is called…
 When salt is dissolved in water, water is the…
 Different atomic forms of an element contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. What are these
different atomic forms called?
 A covalent bond is likely to be polar when…
 Electrons exist only at fixed levels of potential energy. However, if an atom absorbs sufficient energy, a possible result is that
 The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water
molecule. What is this attraction called?
 What type of electron is available to form bonds?
 What is an oxidation-reduction (or redox) reaction?
 The mass number of an element can be easily approximated by adding together the number of ____ in an atom of that
element.
 What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
Organic Molecules
 Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
 Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha
helix and the beta
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pleated sheet structures of proteins?
Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?
Energy is released from ATP when…
A molecule with the chemical formula C16H32O16 is probably a…
Triacylglycerol is a…
What is the term used for a change in a protein's three-dimensional shape or conformation due to disruption of hydrogen
bonds, disulfide bridges, or ionic bonds?
Unlike DNA, RNA contains
How will hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil react with water?
The tertiary structure of a protein is the…
Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by which process?
The 20 different amino acids found in polypeptides exhibit different chemical and physical properties because of different…
In the double helix structure of nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to…
The element nitrogen is present in all of the following except…
Enzymes
 Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following?
 How does a non-competitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction?
 An enzyme catalyzes a reaction by…
Cells
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Which structures carry out cell movement?
Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?
In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the
following organelles functions in this compartmentalization?
What are ribosomes composed of?
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
Of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system?
Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to
Cells fall into two broad categories, depending on whether they have what organelle?
What do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common? (other than ETC)
Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
If the surface area of a cell increases 100 times, its volume increases about…
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
What is the function of cellulose?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
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Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism?
Membranes
 What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
 Which of the following characterizes the sodium-potassium pump?
 All of the following membrane activities require energy from ATP hydrolysis except…
 Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
 The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called…
 Which of the following are all components of a cellular membrane…
 What membrane-surface molecules are thought to be most important as cells recognize each other?
 Diffusion is the movement of molecules from…
DNA Replication
 When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated?
 When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will move in which direction?
 If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the
sequence
 The Y-shaped structure where the DNA double helix is actively unwound during DNA replication is called the
 What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication?
 The strands that make up DNA are antiparallel. This means that…
 DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
 What kind of molecule or substance is the primer that is used to initiate the synthesis of a new DNA strand?
 Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5'
3' direction?
Cell Division
 During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing
how many chromosomes?
 What is the name for the special region on a duplicated chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together?
 What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?
 Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
 During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
Cellular respiration
 What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?
 Which process is used to produce beer and wine?
 Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?
 One cause of muscle soreness is…
 The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following?
 In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of…
 Where does glycolysis takes place?
 The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
 Which of the following passes high-energy electrons into the electron transport chain?
 The chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic
cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Where are the corresponding reactions likely
to occur in prokaryotic respiration?
 Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H + ions into which location?
Photosynthesis
 If you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what happens?
 The Calvin cycle takes place in the…
 In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?
 If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to its production of high-energy
sugars?
 A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of
visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment?
 The light-collecting units of a chloroplast are the…