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Summary of the Effect of Drug/Toxin use on Neurotransmitters KEY Drug NeuroAgonist or transmitter(s) Antagonist? affected Describe the mechanism and effect cocaine Epinephrine Agonist Blocks absorption of epinephrine (it remains in synapse) increases HR, vasoconstriction Hyperthermia, increased BP, risk of Heart Attack increases, decreased appetite, Less fatigue Dopamine Agonist Blocks reuptake of dopamine by binding to the dopamine transporters euphoria acetylcholine Antagonist Agonist Block sodium channels so pain impulse not felt Normally, inhibitory neurotransmitters inhibit dopamine from being released Heroin, like the body’s natural opiates stop the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters. Dopamine is released sedation and well being. Opiate receptors located in parts of brain responsible for pain signals, stress response, emotional attachment heroin dopamine THC (in marijuana) dopamine agonist Alcohol GABA Agonist Glutamate antagonist Normally, inhibitory neurotransmitters inhibit dopamine from being released THC mimics anandamide Anandamide activates cannabinoid receptors stops the inhibitory transmitters dopamine released anandamide slows down movement relaxed, calm THC does not break down quickly as does anandamide GABA is an inhibitory transmitter decreases chances of firing postsynaptic cell. Alcohol makes GABA receptors even more inhibitory Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter. Alcohol binds to glutamate receptors preventing it from binding to cell Methamphetamines Dopamine, serotonin, adenalin Agonist Alcohol affects part of brain involved in memory formation, impulse control and decision making Meth mimics dopamine Transporters bring it into cell. Pass into terminal bulbs of neurons. Enter dopamine, serotonin and adrenalin vesicles causing massive release and prevents their breakdown. (transporters work in reverse) Overstimulation Euphoria, alertness, anti-fatigue. Chronic use dopamine neurons degenerate less ability to feel pleasure addictive Mimics serotonin. Serotonin transporters readily transport Ecstasy into the terminal bulb. Transporters start working in reverse, moving serotonin into the synapse. Affects part of the brain associated with mood, sleep and appetite. Excess serotonin stimulates dopamine release slightly addictive. Degeneration of neurons associated with dopamine There are several types of serotonin receptors in the brain, each with different functions. Binds to serotonin receptors LSD may inhibit or excite serotonin receptors complex sensory effects Excites locus coeruleus of brain which has neuron that branch into various sensory areas of the brain. LC responsible for wakefulness and startle response to unexpected stimuli. hallucinations Ecstasy serotonin agonist LSD serotonin Agonist antagonist Mouse Party Summary Sheet Name ___________________ Bio 12 Allen Drug cocaine heroin THC (in marijuana) Alcohol NeuroAgonist or Describe the mechanism and effect transmitter Antagonis (s) affected t? Drug Methamphetamines Ecstasy LSD Neurotransmitter (s) affected Agonist or Describe the mechanism and effect Antagonist ?