Samanta Yubero Lahoz MDMA PHARMACOLOGY IN HUMANS AND SEROTONERGIC EFFECTS
... clearance of one quarter of drugs used in therapeutics. This phenomenon has important clinical implications, since MDMA users display a higher prevalence of psychopathology, particularly of mood disorders, compared to control population. Importantly, these psychiatric diseases are treated with drugs ...
... clearance of one quarter of drugs used in therapeutics. This phenomenon has important clinical implications, since MDMA users display a higher prevalence of psychopathology, particularly of mood disorders, compared to control population. Importantly, these psychiatric diseases are treated with drugs ...
In Vivo Criteria To Differentiate Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitors from
... Many compounds have high affinity, without being substrates, for the 5-HT reuptake carrier and thereby increase extracellular levels of 5-HT in the CNS by blocking reuptake. The increase in extracellular 5-HT after inhibition of reuptake is dependent on impulse-mediated release (Fuller and Wong, 199 ...
... Many compounds have high affinity, without being substrates, for the 5-HT reuptake carrier and thereby increase extracellular levels of 5-HT in the CNS by blocking reuptake. The increase in extracellular 5-HT after inhibition of reuptake is dependent on impulse-mediated release (Fuller and Wong, 199 ...
Foods and Meds to Avoid with MAOIs
... enzyme called monoamine oxidase, which breaks down excess tyramine in the body. Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. But tyramine can reach dangerous levels if you eat foods containing tyramine while on an MAOI. This can lead to a sudden spike in blood pressure, and to strok ...
... enzyme called monoamine oxidase, which breaks down excess tyramine in the body. Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. But tyramine can reach dangerous levels if you eat foods containing tyramine while on an MAOI. This can lead to a sudden spike in blood pressure, and to strok ...
Effects of different doses of venlafaxine on serotonin and
... In a similar model indirectly assessing NE reuptake activity, venlafaxine was only three times less active than the potent tricyclic NE reuptake inhibitor desipramine in suppressing the firing rate of NE neurons in the locus coeruleus (Béı̈que et al., 1999). Among the possible explanations for this ...
... In a similar model indirectly assessing NE reuptake activity, venlafaxine was only three times less active than the potent tricyclic NE reuptake inhibitor desipramine in suppressing the firing rate of NE neurons in the locus coeruleus (Béı̈que et al., 1999). Among the possible explanations for this ...
Effects of vasoactive agents on isolated human umbilical arteries
... arteries or veins to vasoactive substances. Attempts in this direction have recently been made by Somlyo et al. (30) using helically cut umbilical artery and vein strip preparations as well as by Eltherington and his colleagues ( 17), using perfused segments and isolated rings of human umbilical art ...
... arteries or veins to vasoactive substances. Attempts in this direction have recently been made by Somlyo et al. (30) using helically cut umbilical artery and vein strip preparations as well as by Eltherington and his colleagues ( 17), using perfused segments and isolated rings of human umbilical art ...
Synergistic interactions between Fenfluramine and
... progressive, and generally incurable disorder involving increased pulmonary artery pressure and increased vascular resistance eventually leading to heart failure. The incidence rate of PPH is 1 ± 2 cases per million in the general population. Exposure to speci®c appetite suppressants can increase th ...
... progressive, and generally incurable disorder involving increased pulmonary artery pressure and increased vascular resistance eventually leading to heart failure. The incidence rate of PPH is 1 ± 2 cases per million in the general population. Exposure to speci®c appetite suppressants can increase th ...
Evidence for Chronically Altered Serotonin Function in the Cerebral
... MDMA-preferring users. In addition to the need to determine whether MDMA use is associated with chronic serotonin loss in humans, more evidence is needed regarding the effects of MDMA on women. Sex has been shown to influence toxicity to drugs of abuse.27 Female and male users metabolize MDMA differ ...
... MDMA-preferring users. In addition to the need to determine whether MDMA use is associated with chronic serotonin loss in humans, more evidence is needed regarding the effects of MDMA on women. Sex has been shown to influence toxicity to drugs of abuse.27 Female and male users metabolize MDMA differ ...
The substituted amphetamines 3,4
... The abilities of the substituted amphetamines 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine, p-chloroamphetamine(PCA) and fenfluramine to induce synaptosomal [3H]serotonin (5-HT) release were compared using a novel microassaysystem. The rank order of release potencies was found to be (+) ...
... The abilities of the substituted amphetamines 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methamphetamine, p-chloroamphetamine(PCA) and fenfluramine to induce synaptosomal [3H]serotonin (5-HT) release were compared using a novel microassaysystem. The rank order of release potencies was found to be (+) ...
Neurochemical Neutralization of Methamphetamine With High
... The abuse of methamphetamine (METH) and other amphetamine-like stimulants is a growing problem in the United States. METH is a substrate for the 12-transmembrane proteins which function as transporters for the biogenic amines dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE). Increased releas ...
... The abuse of methamphetamine (METH) and other amphetamine-like stimulants is a growing problem in the United States. METH is a substrate for the 12-transmembrane proteins which function as transporters for the biogenic amines dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE). Increased releas ...
Serotonin release varies with brain tryptophan levels
... This study examines directly the effects on serotonin release of varying brain tryptophan levels within the physiologic range. It also addresses possible interactions between tryptophan availability and frequency of membrane depolarization in controlling serotonin release. We demonstrate that reduci ...
... This study examines directly the effects on serotonin release of varying brain tryptophan levels within the physiologic range. It also addresses possible interactions between tryptophan availability and frequency of membrane depolarization in controlling serotonin release. We demonstrate that reduci ...
Extracellular serotonin in the lateral hypothalamic area is increased
... 1989; Aoyagi et al., 1992). These findings suggest that LHA 5-HT can inhibit at least one motivated behavior; whether others, such as copulation, may be influenced similarly remains to be tested. Preliminary in vivo experiments in this laboratory showed that 5-HT release increases in the anterior LH ...
... 1989; Aoyagi et al., 1992). These findings suggest that LHA 5-HT can inhibit at least one motivated behavior; whether others, such as copulation, may be influenced similarly remains to be tested. Preliminary in vivo experiments in this laboratory showed that 5-HT release increases in the anterior LH ...
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk for gastrointestinal
... proton pump inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of SSRI induced bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16-0.94). The authors concluded that the use of SSRIs is associated with a moderate increase in the risk of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, which ...
... proton pump inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of SSRI induced bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16-0.94). The authors concluded that the use of SSRIs is associated with a moderate increase in the risk of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, which ...
Serotonergic Manipulations Both Potentiate and Reduce Brain
... Harrison and Markou subjects Latin square design, with a minimum of 4 days between consecutive drug treatments. Experiment 3: Effects of p-MPPI, a 5-HT1A Antagonist, on the 8-OH-DPAT-Induced Lowering of Brain Reward Thresholds. Eight combination treatments of p-MPPI and 8-OH-DPAT were administered a ...
... Harrison and Markou subjects Latin square design, with a minimum of 4 days between consecutive drug treatments. Experiment 3: Effects of p-MPPI, a 5-HT1A Antagonist, on the 8-OH-DPAT-Induced Lowering of Brain Reward Thresholds. Eight combination treatments of p-MPPI and 8-OH-DPAT were administered a ...
L-Tryptophan - Alternative Medicine Review
... Patients with liver cirrhosis should avoid tryptophan supplementation. Cirrhotics present with reduced activity of tryptophan pyrrolase (22%), with subsequent increased free tryptophan and half-life, with decreased clearance.53 The effects of supplemental tryptophan during pregnancy are scarce. One ...
... Patients with liver cirrhosis should avoid tryptophan supplementation. Cirrhotics present with reduced activity of tryptophan pyrrolase (22%), with subsequent increased free tryptophan and half-life, with decreased clearance.53 The effects of supplemental tryptophan during pregnancy are scarce. One ...
Serotonergic Modulation of Inspiratory Hypoglossal Motoneurons in
... when raphe neurons are active, and may increase HMN activity, whereas withdrawal of 5-HT, in particular during REM sleep when raphe neurons are inactive, may decrease HMN activity. This decreased activity is thought to contribute to the loss of muscle tone in the tongue and to compromise upper airwa ...
... when raphe neurons are active, and may increase HMN activity, whereas withdrawal of 5-HT, in particular during REM sleep when raphe neurons are inactive, may decrease HMN activity. This decreased activity is thought to contribute to the loss of muscle tone in the tongue and to compromise upper airwa ...
Stahl_3rd_ch12_Part1..
... 20% to 30% reduction of symptoms, and few if any patients become truly asymptomatic or go into remission. Thus the attainment of a genuine state of asymptomatic remission in major depression is the current challenge for those who treat this disorder; this is the reason for learning the mechanisms of ...
... 20% to 30% reduction of symptoms, and few if any patients become truly asymptomatic or go into remission. Thus the attainment of a genuine state of asymptomatic remission in major depression is the current challenge for those who treat this disorder; this is the reason for learning the mechanisms of ...
Bossong et al 2005 proefprint AB-2
... Meta-chlorophenylpiperazine: mCPP In September 2004, another ecstasy-like drug appeared on the Dutch drug market: meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP). mCPP is a pharmacologically active metabolite of the antidepressant drugs trazodone, nefazodone and etoperidone and of the minor tranquillizer mepipra ...
... Meta-chlorophenylpiperazine: mCPP In September 2004, another ecstasy-like drug appeared on the Dutch drug market: meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP). mCPP is a pharmacologically active metabolite of the antidepressant drugs trazodone, nefazodone and etoperidone and of the minor tranquillizer mepipra ...
hyperthermia - Calgary Emergency Medicine
... Most controversial research topic FDA refusal to investigate medicinal uses of MDMA based on potential neurotoxicity Overall good animal data supporting a detrimental effect on serotonergic system Human studies more limited and hampered by methodological weaknessess No clear evidence, but “highly su ...
... Most controversial research topic FDA refusal to investigate medicinal uses of MDMA based on potential neurotoxicity Overall good animal data supporting a detrimental effect on serotonergic system Human studies more limited and hampered by methodological weaknessess No clear evidence, but “highly su ...
Methysergide Potentiates the Hyperactivity Produced by MDMA in
... p>0.05] when compared to saline injection. The effects on crossovers were not qualitatively different from beam interruptions and therefore are not reported, DISCUSSION The anatomical organization of monoaminergic systems as well as biochemical and pharmacological data support a role for both catech ...
... p>0.05] when compared to saline injection. The effects on crossovers were not qualitatively different from beam interruptions and therefore are not reported, DISCUSSION The anatomical organization of monoaminergic systems as well as biochemical and pharmacological data support a role for both catech ...
Psilocybin and Consciousness
... Aghajanian GK, Marek GJ (1997). Serotonin induces excitatory postsynaptic potentials in apical dendrites of neocortical pyramidal cells. Neuropharmacology 36: 589–599 Carter O.L, et al. “Modulating the Rate and Rhythmicity of Perceptual Rivalry Alternations with the Mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A Agonist P ...
... Aghajanian GK, Marek GJ (1997). Serotonin induces excitatory postsynaptic potentials in apical dendrites of neocortical pyramidal cells. Neuropharmacology 36: 589–599 Carter O.L, et al. “Modulating the Rate and Rhythmicity of Perceptual Rivalry Alternations with the Mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A Agonist P ...
Serotonin modulates responses to species
... funnel formed by the bat’s pinna, and positioned adjacent to the external auditory meatus. The pinna was folded over the housing of the loudspeaker and wrapped with Scotch tape. The binaural cross-talk with this arrangement was attenuated by 35–40 dB. Spikes were fed to a window discriminator and th ...
... funnel formed by the bat’s pinna, and positioned adjacent to the external auditory meatus. The pinna was folded over the housing of the loudspeaker and wrapped with Scotch tape. The binaural cross-talk with this arrangement was attenuated by 35–40 dB. Spikes were fed to a window discriminator and th ...
Acute fluoxetine exposure alters crab anxiety
... This study suggests that the neuronal networks mediating anxiety-like behaviour in the shore crab P. crassipes are more sensitive to acute fluoxetine exposure than those controlling aggression. We found that exposure to 25 mg/L fluoxetine significantly reduced time in the dark zone (indicating reduc ...
... This study suggests that the neuronal networks mediating anxiety-like behaviour in the shore crab P. crassipes are more sensitive to acute fluoxetine exposure than those controlling aggression. We found that exposure to 25 mg/L fluoxetine significantly reduced time in the dark zone (indicating reduc ...
The serotonin RECEPTOR antagonists NAN
... methamphetamine, a known drug of abuse worldwide, are probably a consequence of the release of dopamine from dopaminergic nerve terminals, particularly in the neostriatum. With higher doses of methamphetamine, disturbances of perception and overt psychotic behavior occur. These effects may be due to ...
... methamphetamine, a known drug of abuse worldwide, are probably a consequence of the release of dopamine from dopaminergic nerve terminals, particularly in the neostriatum. With higher doses of methamphetamine, disturbances of perception and overt psychotic behavior occur. These effects may be due to ...
Serotonin
Serotonin /ˌsɛrəˈtoʊnɨn/ or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Biochemically derived from tryptophan, serotonin is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), blood platelets, and the central nervous system (CNS) of animals, including humans. It is popularly thought to be a contributor to feelings of well-being and happiness.Approximately 90% of the human body's total serotonin is located in the enterochromaffin cells in the GI tract, where it is used to regulate intestinal movements. The serotonin is secreted luminally and basolaterally which leads to increased serotonin uptake by circulating platelets and activation after stimulation, which gives increased stimulation of myenteric neurons and gut mobility. The remainder is synthesized in serotonergic neurons of the CNS, where it has various functions. These include the regulation of mood, appetite, and sleep. Serotonin also has some cognitive functions, including memory and learning. Modulation of serotonin at synapses is thought to be a major action of several classes of pharmacological antidepressants.Serotonin secreted from the enterochromaffin cells eventually finds its way out of tissues into the blood. There, it is actively taken up by blood platelets, which store it. When the platelets bind to a clot, they release serotonin, where it serves as a vasoconstrictor and helps to regulate hemostasis and blood clotting. Serotonin also is a growth factor for some types of cells, which may give it a role in wound healing. There are various serotonin receptors.Serotonin is metabolized mainly to 5-HIAA, chiefly by the liver. Metabolism involves first oxidation by monoamine oxidase to the corresponding aldehyde. This is followed by oxidation by aldehyde dehydrogenase to 5-HIAA, the indole acetic acid derivative. The latter is then excreted by the kidneys. One type of tumor, called carcinoid, sometimes secretes large amounts of serotonin into the blood, which causes various forms of the carcinoid syndrome of flushing (serotonin itself does not cause flushing. Potential causes of flushing in carcinoid syndrome include bradykinins, prostaglandins, tachykinins, substance P, and/or histamine), diarrhea, and heart problems. Because of serotonin's growth-promoting effect on cardiac myocytes, a serotonin-secreting carcinoid tumour may cause a tricuspid valve disease syndrome, due to the proliferation of myocytes onto the valve.In addition to animals, serotonin is found in fungi and plants. Serotonin's presence in insect venoms and plant spines serves to cause pain, which is a side-effect of serotonin injection. Serotonin is produced by pathogenic amoebae, and its effect on the gut causes diarrhea. Its widespread presence in many seeds and fruits may serve to stimulate the digestive tract into expelling the seeds.