Download Biology 520 Second Sem exam

Biology 520 Second SEMESTER REVIEW May 2014
CHAPTERS COVERED: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 25-28, 34 (includes Plants and
Reproduction)/ Labs/Dissections and all Videos
TEST DETAILS:
100 Multiple Choice Questions to be answered on Scantron Sheets (1 pt. each)
120 Points in Short Answers and Essays
Graded on a 200 point scale (20 free points)
Study Center will be open Mon-Thurs during your free periods and after school. There are
handouts available on general exam study/test taking strategies as well.
In addition to terms be sure to look at drawings and all Multiple Choice and Review Questions for
each chapter. The STUDY GUIDE is obviously the other resource available to help prepare you for
this examination! Click here for the course overview, with links to notes and resources for each
chapter.
NOTE all students in all Biology 520 (Hamm/Garvis/Ausema) classes will be taking the same
exam!
Chapter 14 - Meiosis (note - mitosis was 1st semester)
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Be able to describe the stages in order
Compare/contrast meiosis with mitosis
connection to genetics
Focus on:
 differences between meiosis and mitosis
 how the cycle is controlled, and problems that result from errors
 variability in meiosis
 timing
Chapter 11 and 14 – Patterns of Inheritance, including Human Genetics
wild type
self fertilization
cross
F1 generation
Mendel
alleles
recessive allele
heterozygous
genotype
principle of segregation
dihybrid cross
genetics
hybrids
P generation
F2 generation
monohybrid cross
dominant allele
homozygous
Punnett Square
phenotype
gametes
principle of ind. assortment
test cross
rule of multiplication
cystic fibrosis
Huntington’s disease
incomplete dominance
ABO blood groups
pleiotropy
polygenic inheritance
recombination frequency
sex chromosomes
hermaphroditic
haploid cells
zygote
crossing over
genetic recombination
trisomy 21
color blindness
rule of addition
achondroplasia
fertilization
hemophilia
codominance
Genetic screening
chromosome theory of
inheritance
nondisjunction
sex-linked gene
diploid cells
meiosis
chiasma
karyotype
Down syndrome
Focus on:
 connection between meiosis and inheritance
 probability/doing genetics problems
 examples of genetic diseases and why they occur - think structure/function/threedimensional aspect of proteins
Chapter 12-13 – Molecular Biology of the Gene (protein synthesis and "how genes work")
history/experiments
sugar-phosphates
Cytosine
Guanine
Antiparallel
DNA polmerase
transcription
translation
codons
RNA polymerase
terminator
tRNA
rRNA
stop codon
mutation
nucleotide
Thymine
Adenine
double helix
DNA replication
DNA ligase
HIV/AIDS
triplet code
reverse transcriptase
retrovirus
mRNA
anticodon
start codon
mutagen
reading frame
Focus on:
 central dogma: DNA to RNA to Protein
 structure of DNA
 how protein synthesis works
Chapter 15 - Biotechnology/Human Genome Project
DNA fingerprinting
Human Genome Project
Polymerase chain reaction
Restriction enzymes
Gene therapy
Electrophoresis
Plasmids
Focus on:
 Goals, methods, ethical issues related to Human Genome Project
 Techniques and purpose/uses for creating transgenic organisms
Chapter 16 – How Populations Evolve
evolutionary adaptations
fossils
biogeography
homologous structures
molecular biology
artificial selection
evolution
fossil record
comparative anatomy
comparative embryology
natural selection
population
Focus on:
 Evidence for common descent
 How natural selection works
Chapter 17 – The Origin of Species
taxonomy
speciation
reproductive barrier
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
gametic isolation
hybrid inviability
hybrid breakdown
adaptive radiation
biological species
evolutionary species
prezygotic
habitat isolation
mechanical isolation
postzygotic
hybrid sterility
punctuated equilibrium
gradualist model
Focus on:
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reproductive barriers - how new species develop
difference between the geographic cause of isolation and the behavioral/genetic/anatomical
cause
types of selection
Chapter 18&19 – Tracing Evolutionary History and Classification
Geological time scale
continental drift
Gondwana
plate tectonics
phylogeny
phylogenetic trees
bionomial
species
order
phyla
radiometric dating
relative dating
Pangaea
exaptation
genus
domain
kingdom
family
classes
Focus on:
 Evolutionary relationships
 History of life - geological eras and plate tectonics
 the classification system
Chapter 22 – Plants, Fungi, and the Colonization of the Land (also chap 24 section 1-2)
classification of plants
stomata
xylem
sporangium
mosses/bryophytes
pollination
angiosperms
ferns
ovules
angiosperm life cycle
flower
petals
anther
stigma
spreading seeds
alternation of generations
vascular tissue
phloem
gametophyte/sporophyte
vascular plants
gymnosperms
conifers
pollen grains
fruit
sepals
stamen
carpel
ovary
pollinators
Focus on:
 Alternation of generations - sexual reproduction in plants
Chapter 25-28 – The Evolution of Animal Diversity and animal systems
Animal classification:
Phylum Porifera (sponges)
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Phylum Arthropoda
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Class Arachnida
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Class Crustacea
Class Insecta
Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)
Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Mollusca
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Class Gastropoda
Class Bivalvia
Class Cephalapoda
Phylum Chordata
Agnatha (jawless fish)
Chondrichtheyes (cartilaginous fish)
Osteichtheyes (bony fish)
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds (Aves)
Mammals (three types)
Other terms:
metamorphosis
radial symmetry
medusa
gastrovascular cavity
bilateral symmetry
posterior
ventral
free living
body cavities
pseudocoelom
mollusks
mantle
segmentation
endoskeleton
amoebocytes
polyp
lancelets
anterior
dorsal
lateral
tunicates
coelom
water vascular system
foot
radula
exoskeleton
nerve
cord
complete metamorphosis
incomplete metamorphosis
pharyngeal gill structures
post-anal tail
notochord
Focus on:
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basic defining characteristics of each phylum/class
Chapter 34 – Reproduction and Embryonic Development
reproduction
asexual
budding
fragmentation
sexual
zygote
ovum
external fertilization
copulation
follicles
placenta
oviduct
endometrium
fetus
cervix
labia minora
hymen
clitoris
prepuce
epididymis
vas deferens
seminal vesicles
bulbourethral glands
penis
seminiferous tubules
primary spermatocytes
oogenesis
secondary oocyte
ovarian cycle
menstruation
LH
plateau phase
resolution phase
contraception
fertilization
IVF
cleavage
blastula
gastrula
mesoderm
notochord
fission
regeneration
gametes
sperm
hermaphroditism
internal fertilization
ovaries
ovulation
corpus luteum
uterus
embryo
ectopic pregnancy
vagina
labia majora
Batholin’s glands
glans
testes
ejaculation
ejaculatory duct
prostate gland
semen
spermatogenesis
scrotum
secondary spermatocytes
primary oocyte
labor
menstrual cycle
FSH
oxytocin
orgasm
STDs
amnion
acrosome
fertilization membrane
blastocoel
gastrulation
ectoderm
endoderm
Focus on:
 Hormonal control of sperm/egg development
 Ovarian and menstrual cycles
 Basic anatomy (male and female)