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Evolution (Note 10)
Name______________________________________________________
1.
2. Unit learning Goals:
a. Trace the ____________of the theory. b. Explain the history of life in terms of ______________, ______________,
and the _____________of evolution. c. Explain how ____________& ____________evidence support the theory. d. Relate
natural selection to ______________ in organisms.
3.
Scientists believe that the Earth is ____ ____________ years old. (From video Clip) The continents have ____________
position. The climate has ________ and cooled. It is estimated the ______ of all species are now extinct.
4.
Organisms have _________________ (GENES) that help them to ____________in different environments.
5.
What is Fitness? Fitness is a measure of _______________ _____________. Any trait that ______________
6.
What if an organism has a trait that makes it impossible to live in its environment? The organism will
survival
— at least until one's reproductive years are over — _______________ fitness. Such traits are called _________________.
________ survive. If it does not survive, it ________________ reproduce. If it does not reproduce—its _____________ are
not _____________to the next generation.
7.
What if the environment changes? If they _____ _______ have the traits (genes) that enable them to
survive…they die, and ___ ______ reproduce.
 If they do have the traits, then they ____________…and reproduce.
 SO… the next generation has ____________ of the “fit” traits for _____________ environment.
 The population then CHANGES!
 This is a very ___________process….does not occur over night…many generations must past before any ____________
in the _________________can be seen.
8.
Natural Selection:
9.
Artificial Selection: Selecting for the best traits in plants and animals (done by humans). Give 2
The current theory of how species change is caused by ____________ _____________. This is also
know as “ ___________ ___ _____ _______.” Only certain members of the population will survive and ___________. Ones that
are most ____________ to the environment.
examples:___________________________________________________
10.Where do new traits come from?
11. How do new traits arise?
a.
________________
b.
Reproduction: A combo of traits may be necessary for survival……so…
sexual reproduction and ___________ ________ can create new
___________________ of traits.
12. Descent with Modifications: Overtime natural selection produces organisms that have
____________ structures, established different niches, or occupy different habitats.
13. The Basics: A review: _____________________ (traits) that are ____________________ become more prevalent within
that population. These traits will be passed on to the next generation. The ___________ ____________ of a population
_______________ in favor of the ________________phenotype and genotype!!!
14.
Natural Selection Examples. (15 & 16. Peppered Moth Example)
On your own: How is artificial selection
different from natural selection?
GA Biology Standards: SB5. Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution. a. Trace the history of the theory. b. Explain the
history of life in terms of biodiversity and ancestry.. c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory. d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms.
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20-29. History:
James
Hutton
______Proposed
that the
Earth is
________
of years old.
30-31.
Thomas Malthus
Jean Lamark
______- populations
outgrew their
________________
supplies, causing
_________________
between organisms and
a struggle for one
species to survive
against another.
_______- all
life forms
evolved and that
the driving force
of evolution was
the inheritance
of ________
characteristics.
Charles Lyle
______proposed that
plant and animal
species had
arisen, developed
variations, and
then became
________ over
time.
Alfred
Wallace
______emphasis was
based on the
idea of
competition for
________ as
the main force in
natural selection
Darwin
_______- Publishes
“On the Origin of
_______”
-served as naturalist
aboard the H.M.S.
________.
-Went to the
_____________
Islands
Summary of Darwin’s Ideas:
• Individual organisms ___________________, and some of this variation is heritable.
• Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce.
• Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they _________________________
_______________________.
• Individuals __________________ to their environment _____________ and ____________ most successfully.
• These organisms __________ their heritable traits to their offspring. Other individuals die or leave
______________ offspring.
• This process of natural selection causes species to ____________________ over time.
• Species alive today are _______________________ with ___________________from ancestral species that
lived in the distant past.
• This process, by which diverse species evolved from common ancestors, unites all organisms on Earth into a single
_______________________ of ___________________.
32. Evidence for Change Over Time
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Whale Video Clip
What are the 2 claims that the Theory of Evolution make? 1) _________________________________________________
2) _____________________________________________________________________________________________
1st piece of evidence: _______________________ _______________________
2nd piece of evidence: _________________________ & __________________________
3rd piece of evidence: _________________ __________________
4th piece of evidence: __________ __________________________
a.
Are whales and hippos related? ____________
Bird wings are actually modified __________ and ____________.
Mammals evolved from ______________-like creatures. Reptiles evolved from amphibian-like creatures. Amphibians evolved
from __________-like creatures, and if you go back far enough, fish share a common ancestor with segmented __________.
All living things on Earth are ___________________.
33. ____________ _______________: Fossils that show how the same
organism looked millions of years ago.
**2 Ways to tell the age of fossils: 1) _______________ dating & 2)
_____________ dating.
37. ___________________ structures. Structures that have different mature forms in
different organisms but have developed from the same type of tissue.
39. _______________-Early development of the organism
41. ___________ organs- Organs or structures that do not seem to be
used by the organism any longer.
43. _______________-DNA sequences in organisms are close
*****Sources of genetic variation in species:*****
1. ___________________
2. Gene Shuffling
3. ______________ _________ during meiosis
4. __________________ reproduction
GA Biology Standards: SB5. Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution. a. Trace the history of the theory. b. Explain the
history of life in terms of biodiversity and ancestry.. c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory. d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms.
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45. ____________________ Distribution.
46. Adaptive ___________________. (The evolution of many diversely adapted species from a common ancestor)
Evolution:
change in the
allelic
frequencies in
a population
49. Create chart:
50.
Speciation:
51. -54.
is the evolution of a _____________ __________________. (MACROEVOLUTION)
Speciation Mechanisms:
Evolution:
individuals do
not evolve,
populations do.
What causes a new species to arise?
Species: The populations are capable of interbreeding, but cannot for some reason.
Geographic Isolation
Behavioral Isolation
They are _______________
by bodies of water or
mountains
They have different
courtship _____________
or other type of behavior
Temporal Isolation
The Reproduction takes place
at different _____________
of the year
53. **Overtime they can change so much that they become _________ to breed as they adapt to their environment.
56. Gene Pool: _____________ genetic information of a particular population. _____ the genes present
with in a population. Can change.
57. Genetic Drift: Changes in _______________ ______________ with in a population
______________ ____________________ in allele frequency that occurs in small populations.
________________individuals leave more offspring.
58. Gene Flow: caused by ____________________ & ____________________. New alleles come into the population,
and some alleles leave the population.
Thinking Questions: On your Own:
A) List 5 things that cause genetic diversity (variation):
1-_________________________________________
2-_________________________________________
3-_________________________________________
4-_________________________________________
5-_________________________________________
B) Why is genetic diversity a REQUIREMENT for evolution?
“Evolution Reader” Questions:
I: Trace the history of the theory
1-What did Lamarck believe (and what was the driving force)? ______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2- According to Lamarck, what caused the organism to change?_____________________________________________________
3- What was Charles Lyell’s proposal? _______________________________________________________________________
4- What was Thomas Malthus’ proposal?______________________________________________________________________
5- List and describe Darwin’s 2 central concepts that emerged on his voyage to the Galapagos Islands on the HMS Beagle :
1: _________________________________________________________________________________________________
2: _________________________________________________________________________________________________
6- What are adaptations?_________________________________________________________________________________
7- What is Natural Selection?______________________________________________________________________________
8- What is reproductive isolation?___________________________________________________________________________
GA Biology Standards: SB5. Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution. a. Trace the history of the theory. b. Explain the
history of life in terms of biodiversity and ancestry.. c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory. d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms.
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9- What was Wallace’s emphasis on?_________________________________________________________________________
10- What did Darwin focus on?_____________________________________________________________________________
III. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory
1-What are fossils? _____________________________________________________________________________________
2-What is a problem with the fossil record? __________________________________________________________________
3- List and DESCRIBE to ways to determine the age of a fossil:
1:__________________________________________________________________________________________________
2:__________________________________________________________________________________________________
4- What is extinction? ___________________________________________________________________________________
5- How many mass extinction have there been in Earth’s history? _____
IV: Relate natural selection to changes in organisms
1- What is the key to Darwin’s theory of evolution? ______________________________________________________________
2- How do the advantages help the organism and their offspring? ____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
3- What is the end result in Natural Selection? _________________________________________________________________
4- What is Fitness? ______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
5- What does fitness depend on? ____________________________________________________________________________
6- What plays an important role in determining which alleles are best for the survival of a population? _________________________
Evolution Vocabulary
QUIZ ON ________________
1. Evolution
2. Theory
3. Fossil
4. Inheritance
5. Population
6. Fitness
7. Adaptation
8. Survival of the fittest
9. Natural selection
10. Artificial selection
11. Reproductive success
12. Homologous structures
13. Vestigial organs
14. Gene pool
15. Speciation
16. Charles Darwin
GA Biology Standards: SB5. Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution. a. Trace the history of the theory. b. Explain the
17. Decent
history ofwith
life inModification
terms of biodiversity and ancestry.. c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory.
d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms.
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Review Starter
1. Why did the development of sexual reproduction speed up the process of evolution?
2. What are two main sources of genetic variation within a population?
3. If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, what factor might determine whether the frequency of
the new allele will increase or decrease?
4. What is the study of ancient life through fossils is called? (Hint: you might have to look on the internet)
5. How is Lamarck’s mechanism for evolution different from that of Darwin’s?
6. Explain three mechanisms for speciation. (Hint: look in your notes)
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
Evolution Online Activities
I. Peppered Moth Simulation (online)
Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species can change over time.
Introduction: (READ THIS)
Charles Darwin accumulated a tremendous collection of facts to support the theory of evolution by natural selection. One of his
difficulties in demonstrating the theory, however, was the lack of an example of evolution over a short period of time, which could be
observed as it was taking place in nature. Although Darwin was unaware of it, remarkable examples of evolution, which might have
helped to persuade people of his theory, were in the countryside of his native England. One such example is the evolution of the
peppered moth Biston betularia.
The economic changes known as the industrial revolution began in the middle of the eighteenth century. Since then, tons of soot
has been deposited on the country side around industrial areas. The soot discolored and generally darkened the surfaces of trees and
rocks. In 1848, a dark-colored moth was first recorded. Today, in some areas, 90% or more of the-peppered moths are dark in color.
More than 70 species of moth in England have undergone a change from light to dark. Similar observations have been made in other
industrial nations, including the United States.
Questions: What was a difficulty for Darwin in demonstrating his theory? ________________________________
____________________ What caused the forest to change? _________________________________________
Instructions:
You will run two simulations for 1 minutes each, during this time you will play the part of a bluejay that eats moths.
After 1 minutes record the % of dark moths and light moths – you will need this information later.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click on the last bubble that says “A bird’s Eye View…” when you mouse over it.
Read the information and click the butter fly to go to the next page.
Again, read the information and click the butter fly to go to the next page.
Chose the forest on you left ( Light Forest)
Run the simulation. Sketch the two graphs below in the data section.
Go back and run the Dark forest.
Run the simulation. Sketch the two graphs below in the data section.
Answer the post lab questions.
GA Biology Standards: SB5. Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution. a. Trace the history of the theory. b. Explain the
history of life in terms of biodiversity and ancestry.. c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory. d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms.
5
Peppered Moth Analysis
1. Graphs:
Light Forest:
Online Activities
DATA Table
Percent Dark
Moths After
Simulation
Light Moths
Dark Moths
Dark Forest:
Percent Light
Moths After
Simulation
Light
Forest
Dark
Forest
2. Explain how the color of moths increases or decreases their chances of survival depending on the environment.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 500 light colored moths and 500 dark colored moths are released into a polluted forest. After 2 days the moths were
recaptured, make a prediction about the number of each type of moth that would be captured.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. How has the striking change in coloration come about? (Include an explanation of how the dark moth appeared and how the
proportion of dark moths changed from 0.0005% to more than 90% in polluted forests.)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What underlying law of nature has produced this change? (Use Darwin's theory of evolution and apply it to what you have learned
in this investigation.)_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
II. Why Don’t Horses Have Wheels? (video)
-Watch the video and answer the questions
1. According to the principles of natural selection, animals best _______________ to their _________________survive and
are more likely to produce ______________________.
2. Wheels are a ____________ change.
3. How can complex changes occur?
4. What is a neutral mutation?
5. Do adaptations occur over night? How long?
III. Biology Evolution Video: (video)
From the video, what are four causes of natural selection? List AND briefly
describe each.
1-________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2-________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3-__________________________________________________________________________ ______________
____________________________________________________________________________ _____________
4-__________________________________________________________________________ ______________
____________________________________________________________________________ ______________
5- Describe the process of natural selection and how it affects hummingbird populations. ______________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
GA Biology Standards: SB5. Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution. a. Trace the history of the theory. b. Explain the
history of life in terms of biodiversity and ancestry.. c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory. d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms.
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IV. Evidence for Evolution Video: (video)-Watch the video and fill in the chart.
Online Activities
List and describe 4 pieces of evidence used to support the theory.
1234-
V: Discovery.com Evolution Video Clips
(1) Evolution Adaptations Video Clip:
1. Biologist believe that new species emerge (come about) as a result of _________________________________________
________________________. However, when the gene pool is small, changes can _______________________________.
2. Genetic changes to a population gene pool are also linked to ___________________. Which Darwin called
_____________________________.
3. _________________________ help a species survive and thrive in its __________________________.
4. Speciation:
a. Mountain ranges and islands can isolate a members of a species
b. ___________________________ changes lead to ___________________ of species.
c. Over many generations ____________________________ of a population may _____________ different characteristics. In
time each group develps a ________________________ genetic make up.
d. When are two organisms considered new species? ___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5. When is it possible to see evolution at work? _____________________________________________________
6. Why did the antibiotics stop working on the bacteria? ______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
7. Change is a __________________________________.
(2) Natural Selection Video Clip:
Two key notions “On the Origin of Species” book:
1. All species evolved from ________________________________________________.
2. Species change and adapt to their ______________________ as a result of what Darwin called _______________.
3. Organisms that have features that help them adapt would ____________ and ____________ those traits to their offspring.
Those that did not ___________ would be less likely to __________________ and pass on those traits.
Evidence of evolution:
4. Rock layers contain the ______________________________ of organism.
5. The correlation between fossils and rocks, supported the idea that ________________________________________.
6. The history of life on Earth is contained in its __________________.
(3) Darwin Mutation:
1. Nature carefully __________________________ those life forms best ______________ to the environment to live and to
______________________.
2. Darwinismis a __________random process.
3. Mutation is a _________________ process. Mutation is the random ______________________________________.
VI. Evolution Bitesize:
(turn on Subtitles…they really help)
1. Life first appeared on the planet __________________ years ago.
2. Individuals on a population show a wide ________ of _________________ because of ____________________ in genes.
3. What will happen to the birds that can’t open the nuts? __________________________________________
4. Question: According to the theory of evolution how do species Evolve? ____________________________________________
5. Question: Which individuals are most likely to survive to reproduce? ______________________________________________
GA Biology Standards: SB5. Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution. a. Trace the history of the theory. b. Explain the
history of life in terms of biodiversity and ancestry.. c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory. d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms.
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6. Question: What is likely to happen to an individual who is poorly suited to its environment? _____________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Question: What sort of Variation is inherited? _____________________________________________________________
VII: Ted Ed: 5 Finger Evolution
Online Activities
1. What is evolution? ________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the initial (beginning) frequency of the red haired gene? _______
Five finger rules-Things that cause Evolution to take place:
3. The little finger reminds you that the ___________________________________________________________________.
4. Ring finger should remind you of ______________. The middle finger should remind you of the word ___________________.
The pointer finger should remind you of ____________________. In science, we refer to this movement as ____________
_________.
5. First 4 fingers:1) _________ ________________, 2) _____-___________ ______________, 3) ____________________,
4) ________ _________.
6. Natural selection is the only process that creates organisms __________________________________________________.
7. Thumb: Nature votes thumbs _______ for adaptations that will do _____________ in their environment.
8. Why was red hair an advantage in northern climates? ________________________________________________________
9. What is micoevolution?_______________________________________________________________________________
10. What’s another name for Macroevolution? ________________
11. Give yourself a big _______ five 
**When finished with all online activities: Play the “Finch” Game:
****Book Work; On your Own****
(answers must come from the book)
GA Biology Standards: SB5. Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution. a. Trace the history of the theory. b. Explain the
history of life in terms of biodiversity and ancestry.. c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory. d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms.
8