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Ch 14 Earth’s Climate and Biomes Study Guide Name: ____________________________ Date: ____________ Period: _____ Lesson 1 with Surface Current Map 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Terms to know…climate (and how it differs from weather) and climatology _____________________________________________________________________ What are 3 factors that describe the climate of a location? ________________________ What are 4 factors that determine the climate of a location? Which is most important? _____________________________________________________________________ Where is each of the following climate zones located? In general, what temperatures would you experience in each zone? a. Tropics _________________________________________________________ b. Temperate ______________________________________________________ c. Polar ___________________________________________________________ What is the rain shadow effect? ____________________________________________ What does it create on the leeward side of a high mountain range like the Himalayas? ______________________________________________________________________ How do air masses affect climate? ___________________________________________ How do ocean currents affect climate? ________________________________________ a. Which current affects our climate? ________________ California’s? __________ b. On which coast would you find cold current? _________ warm currents?_________ How do coastal climates differ from continental (inland) climates? ______________________________________________________________________ How does the differential heating of oceans and continents explain this difference? ______________________________________________________________________ Lesson 2 with Planet Earth: Pole to Pole… 9. What scale classifies climates? ______________________________________________ 10. Know the average temperatures, location by latitude, precipitation and unique characteristics for each of the following climate classes… a. Tropical – wet, wet and dry _________________________________________ b. Dry – arid and semi-arid ___________________________________________ c. Mild – humid subtropical ____________________________________________ d. Continental – subarctic _____________________________________________ e. Polar – ice cap and tundra __________________________________________ 11. Which climate zone, class, and subclass do WE live in? _____________________________ 12. What is a microclimate? Give an example. ______________________________________________________________________ 13. Are coastal areas cooler or warmer than inland areas in the winter? (Think about the difference in temperature between Clemmons and Wilmington.) Why? 14. What is a heat island? Give an example. ______________________________________________________________________ 15. What is a biome? ________________________________________________________ What do the terms biotic factors _________________________ and abiotic factors _______________________ mean? 16. What are the unique characteristics of the six biomes? How can you describe the climate of each? What plants and animals live in each? What adaptations must the plants and animals have to survive in each biome? What air mass is each affected by? a. Tundra _________________________________________________________ b. Taiga __________________________________________________________ c. Deciduous forest _________________________________________________ d. Desert _________________________________________________________ e. Grasslands ______________________________________________________ f. Rain forest ______________________________________________________ 17. Which biome is most of North Carolina in? _____________________________________ Lesson 3: Natural Climate Changes … 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What is an ice age? ______________________________________________________ What causes the seasons? _________________________________________________ What is El Niño? ________________________________________________________ a. Which current is affected? __________________________________________ b. Which global wind system is involved? __________________________________ c. How does it affect the California coast? ________________________________ The Gulf Coast? __________________ The Atlantic? ______________________ What are 5 natural variations that can lead to changes in Earth’s climate? ______________________________________________________________________ Why was the Maunder Minimum (Little Ice Age) so cold? ___________________________ Do volcanic eruptions warm or cool the Earth? Why? ______________________________ Lesson 4: Manmade Climate Change – Fact or Fiction? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Do the United Nations IPCC and former Vice President Al Gore think that climate change is natural or manmade? Do the scientists William Gray, Willie Soon, and Joe Bastardi think that climate change is natural or manmade? Do the United Nations IPCC and Al Gore think that climate change is caused by carbon dioxide emissions or variations in solar radiation (the sun)? Do the scientists William Gray, Willie Soon, and Joe Bastardi think that climate change is caused by carbon dioxide emissions or variations in solar radiation? Do the United Nations IPCC and former Vice President Al Gore (and President Obama) think that the gas carbon dioxide is or is not a toxic pollutant? Do the scientists William Gray, Willie Soon, and Joe Bastardi think that the gas carbon dioxide is or is not a toxic pollutant? What evidence do the United Nations IPCC and former Vice President Al Gore use to try to show that climate change is manmade? ______________________________________________________________________ What evidence do the scientists William Gray, Willie Soon, and Joe Bastardi use to show that climate change is natural? ______________________________________________________________________ According to the DVD “Solar Cycles”, what is the relationship between warm oceans and carbon dioxide? _________________________________________________________ Lesson 5: Biodiversity with Webquest… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is the biosphere? ____________________________________________________ What is biodiversity? _____________________________________________________ a. What are the levels of biodiversity? _______________________________________ b. Which biome has the most biodiversity? Why? _______________________________ c. Which biome has the least biodiversity? Why? _______________________________ What are 5 things that can reduce biodiversity? a. Specifically, what is an invasive species? ___________________________________ How does it impact biodiversity? _________________________________________ What is an example of an invasive species here in NC? __________________________ b. What is overharvesting? ________________________________________________ c. What is habitat alteration? _____________________________________________ What impact does the loss of biodiversity have on our society – local and global? ______________________________________________________________________ How can we prevent the loss of biodiversity? List ways below.