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Unit 7
Evolution
EVOLUTION
(19-22 Days)
NATURAL SELECTION
Enduring Understanding: The scientific theory of evolution by means of natural selection is a fundamental concept underlying all of biology. All
organisms change over time because they are locked in a struggle for existence whereby those organisms better adapted to their immediate
environment are more likely to survive and leave more offspring.
Essential Questions
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What is the theory of evolution by
natural selection? (1 day)
Under what conditions does natural
selection occur? (1 day)
Required Topic/Suggested Lab (3 days)
How have humans exploited inherited
variation to their advantage? (1 day)
SC.912.L.15.13
Describe the conditions required for natural selection, including: overproduction of offspring,
inherited variation, and the struggle to survive, which result in differential reproductive
success.
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EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
Define natural selection as the process by which organisms with variations most
suited to their environment survive and leave more offspring.
Relate the occurrence of natural selection to situations in which there is an
overproduction of offspring, there is heritable variation, and there is differential
reproductive success.
Define fitness in terms of how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its’
environment.
Understand that natural variation provides the raw material for natural selection.
Predict survival of individuals in a species living in different niches (via Survival of the
Fittest lab activity).
Compare and contrast the concepts of natural and artificial selection.
Explain the role of inherited variation in the artificial selection of plants (crops) and
animals (dogs and livestock).
Enduring Understanding: The scientific theory of evolution is supported by multiple forms of scientific evidence. This evidence demonstrates
that the diversity of life is the result of ongoing evolutionary change. Species alive today have evolved from ancient common ancestors.
Essential Questions
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What are the main lines of scientific
evidence that support the scientific
theory of evolution by natural
selection? (2 days)
SC.912.L.15.1
Explain how the scientific theory of evolution is supported by the fossil record, comparative
anatomy, comparative embryology, biogeography, molecular biology, and observed
evolutionary change.
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Identify evidence for how the scientific theory of evolution is supported by the
following:
a. Fossil Record - Explain how fossils and the fossil record document the descent
of modern species from ancient species.
b. Comparative Anatomy & Embryology – Explain how similarities in structure
and development among different species are evidence for evolution. Include
the following:
1. Homologous structures
2. Vestigial structures
c. Biogeography – Explain how geologic distribution of species relates to their
evolutionary history.
SC.912.L.15.2
Discuss the use of molecular clocks to estimate how long ago various groups of organisms
diverged evolutionarily from one another.
d. Molecular Biology – Explain how molecular evidence can be used as a
molecular clock to trace the process of evolution.
MICROEVOLUTION
Enduring Understanding: Mutation and genetic recombination fuel evolutionary change.
Essential Questions
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How is evolution defined in genetic
terms? (1 day)
What causes a populations’ gene pool
to change? (1 day)
What conditions are required for a
population to be in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium and why are these
conditions not likely to appear in
nature? (1 day)
How does the Hardy-Weinberg
equation predict population genotypes
from the observed phenotypes? (1day)
How are resistances to antibiotics and
pesticides examples of microevolution?
(1 day)
SC.912.L.15.15
Describe how mutation and genetic recombination increase genetic variation.
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Define evolution in genetic terms as a change in the relative frequency of alleles in a
population’s gene pool.
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Identify mutations and genetic recombination as two of the main sources of genetic
variation in a population.
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Recognize that natural selection acts directly on an organism’s phenotype.
SC.912.L.15.12
List the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population and why these
conditions are not likely to appear in nature. Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to predict
genotypes in a population from observed phenotypes.
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Identify the required conditions for Hardy-Weinberg to exist in a population.
Explain why it is not likely to a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Predict if a population is in genetic equilibrium using the Hardy-Weinberg equation: p2
+ 2pq + q2 = 1.
Explain how antibiotic resistance and pesticide resistance in insects exemplifies
evolution by natural selection.
SPECIATION
Enduring Understanding: Populations evolve to form new species. Changes occur at the level of the genes. When sufficient beneficial changes
have occurred, new species are produced.
Essential Questions
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How do genetic drift and gene flow
contribute to changes in the gene
pool? (1 day)
What is speciation and how do new
species form? (2 days)
How does extinction influence
speciation? (1 day)
SC.912.L.15.14
Discuss mechanisms of evolutionary change other than natural selection such as genetic drift
and gene flow.
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Describe gene flow and explain how it can affect speciation.
Describe genetic drift and explain 2 particular types of genetic drift: the bottleneck
and the founder effect.
Explain how genetic drift can lead to speciation.
Define speciation.
SC.912.L.15.3
Describe how biological diversity is increased by the origin of new species and how it is
decreased by the natural process of extinction.
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Explain the role of extinction in speciation.
Identify and define the main types of reproductive isolation that can lead to the
formation of new species.
HISTORY OF LIFE
Enduring Understanding: The history of life on earth is knowable and is recorded in the fossil record. Scientists have proposed viable
explanations for the origin of life on earth.
Essential Questions
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What are three scientific hypotheses
about how and where life began on
earth? (2 days)
How does the endosymbiont theory
explain the origin of eukaryotic cells?
(1 day)
SC.912.L.15.8
Describe the scientific explanations of the origin of life on Earth.
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Identify three of the hypothesis about early Earth and the origin of life including:
a. Chemical evolution (RNA to DNA)
1. Deep ocean thermal vents
2. Surface conditions as those modeled in Stanley Miller’s and follow-up
experiments
b. Panspermia
SC.912.L.14.5
Explain the evidence supporting the scientific theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells
(endosymbiosis).
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Describe the endosymbiont theory as evidence for the origin of eukaryotic cells.
Identify and list the evidence for the endosymbiont theory.
HOMINID EVOLUTION
Enduring Understanding: All major animal groups descended from earlier animal groups through the process of evolution. Between 6 and 7
million years ago, a split occurred in the evolutionary line of the hominines and chimpanzees. Since that time, numerous species evolved into the
lines that eventually led to anatomically modern humans.
Essential Questions
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What are the major characteristics and
the major evolutionary groups of
primates?(1 day)
What are some basic trends in hominid
evolution? (2—3 days)
What is the taxonomic classification of
man? (.5 days)
SC.912.L.15.10
Identify basic trends in hominid evolution from early ancestors six million years ago to modern
humans, including brain size, jaw size, language, and manufacture of tools.
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Identify characteristics that all primates share, including: grasping hands, binocular
vision, and enlarged cerebrum.
Describe major evolutionary groups of primates, including: Lemurs & Lorises, along
with Tarsiers and Anthropoids.
Describe adaptations that allowed later hominid species to walk upright, including
changes in the skull, spine, pelvis, and femur.
Recall how many species in our genus existed before our Homo sapiens appeared and
that at least 3 other species of Homo existed at the same time as early humans.
Identify some basic trends in hominid evolution such as increasing brain size, the
development of language and the manufacture of tools.
Recall the taxonomy of man from Domain to Species.