Download Chap. 20 Evolution Video Notes Outline

Chap. 20 Evolution Video (Part 1) Notes Outline
Slide 2:
How did Darwin define evolution? _________________________________________________________________________________
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Slide 3: Jean-Baptist Lamarck
What was Jean-Baptist Lamarck’s theory of evolution? __________________________________________________________
Use an example other than the one given in the video to explain Lamarck’s theory.
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Slide 4: Evolutionary Theories
The process behind evolution is natural selection. Explain natural selection. _________________________________
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In the video I said that, “evolution doesn’t always lead to increased complexity, but instead leads to a
better fit”. Under what circumstances would this be true? ______________________________________________________
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Slide 5: Evolution Review
Explain the progress of evolution. _________________________________________________________________________________
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How are negative genes or traits removed? ______________________________________________________________________
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What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution? _________________________________________
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Slide 6: Genetic Variation and Evolution
What is the “raw material” for natural selection? _________________________________________________________________
What are the three criteria? Explain them. _______________________________________________________________________
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Populations evolve not individuals. Why? ________________________________________________________________________
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Slide 7:
________________________ is the process. ________________________ is the result. The purpose of evolution is to
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Use my example of pocket mice to explain natural selection and microevolution. ____________________________
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Slide 8: Fitness an its Measurement
How is fitness measured? ___________________________________________________________________________________________
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How do organisms other than humans measure success? ________________________________________________________
Describe the parts evolutionary fitness.
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Over time, what will happen to the genotype an phenotype of an evolving population? _____________________
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Slide 9: 4 Agents of Evolutionary Change
Why is mutation called the ultimate source of evolution” but at the same time its effect on evolutionary
change is not a great as other agents of evolutionary change? __________________________________________________
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What is gene flow? How can it happen? ____________________________________________________________________________
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Slide 10: 4 Agents of Evolutionary Change
What is nonrandom mating? _______________________________________________________________________________________
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Explain the process of genetic drift. ________________________________________________________________________________
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Are the genes (traits) that remain after genetic drift more fit than the ones that were lost? Why or why
not? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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How can genetic drift be modified by a population’s size? _______________________________________________________
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Slide 11: Selection vs Other Processes
How does mutation modify natural selection? ____________________________________________________________________
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How does genetic drift modify natural selection? ________________________________________________________________
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How does constructive genetic flow modify natural selection? __________________________________________________
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How does constraining genetic flow modify natural selection? __________________________________________________
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Slide 12: Bottleneck and Founder Effect
Explain the idea of the bottleneck effect ___________________________________________________________________________
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How are the bottleneck effect and founder effect related? ______________________________________________________
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Slide 13: Bearded Vulture
Use the case study of the bearded vulture to explain the bottleneck effect. ____________________________________
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Use the case study of the cheetah to explain the founder effect. _________________________________________________
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Evolution Video Notes Outline - Part 2:
Slide 14: Selection
When natural selection is modifying a species it actually modifies more than just a single gene. What type
of natural selection is this? _______________________________________________________
Slide 15: Diversifying Natural Selection
Which individuals are favored in this type of natural selection? ________________________________________________
Which ones are eventually eliminated? ____________________________________________________________________________
What is the final result for this population? _______________________________________________________________________
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How is this type of natural selection “good” for a population? ___________________________________________________
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Slide 16: Directional Natural Selection
Which individuals are favored in this type of natural selection? ________________________________________________
Which ones are eventually eliminated? ____________________________________________________________________________
What is the final result for this population? _______________________________________________________________________
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How is this type of natural selection “good” for a population? ___________________________________________________
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Slide 17: Stabilizing Natural Selection
Which individuals are favored in this type of natural selection? ________________________________________________
Which ones are eventually eliminated? ____________________________________________________________________________
What is the final result for this population? _______________________________________________________________________
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How is this type of natural selection “good” for a population? ___________________________________________________
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Slide 18: Limits of Selection
How does a lack of genetic variation limit natural selection? ____________________________________________________
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What is pleiotropy? __________________________________________________________________________________________________
How does pleitropy limit natural selection? In the video, I mentioned pleiotropy serves as a ‘check and
balance system’. What does this mean?
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What is epistasis? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
How does epistasis limit natural selection? ______________________________________________________________________
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Slide 19: Gene Pools and Allele Frequencies
What is a gene pool? _________________________________________________________________________________________________
Why is it important to know what a population’s gene pool is? _________________________________________________
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Slide 20: Hardy Weinberg Principle
You have discovered a population of songbirds. You want to know if they are evolving. How would you
do this? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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You determine that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium”. What does this mean?
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What are the requirements for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
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If Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is theoretical and all populations evolve, what is its purpose? ______________
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Slide 21: Hardy-Weinberg Calculations
What is the equation for the Hardy-Weinberg calculation? __________________________________________________
What does ‘p’ stand for? _________________________________________________
What does ‘p2’ stand for?_________________________________________________
What does ‘q’ stand for? _________________________________________________
What does ‘q2’ stand for?_________________________________________________
What does ‘2pq’ stand for? _________________________________________________
Why does p + q = 1? ________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Slide 22: Hardy-Weinberg Calculations
Your personal notes: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Slide 23: Allelic vs Genotypic Frequency
What is allele frequency?____________________________________________________________________________________________
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What is genotype or trait frequency? ______________________________________________________________________________
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All populations are considered to have how many individuals unless otherwise given? ______________________
Slide 24: Practice
What variable are you looking for in this question?________________________
What is the first variable you will solve for? ________________________
Do your math here:
Additional Hardy-Weinberg Practice here: