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SBI 3CW Review for Genetics Unit test Name: _________________ Go to the following website http://www.biology.arizona.edu/mendelian_genetics/problem_sets/monohybrid_cross/monohybri d_cross.html and complete questions #1-6 (monohybrid crosses) Go to the following website: http://www.biology.arizona.edu/mendelian_genetics/problem_sets/sex_linked_inheritance/sex_li nked_inheritance.html and complete questions # 1,2,3,5,6,10 (sex-linked inheritance) Multiple Choice 1. Which of the nitrogen bases is not present in DNA? a) adenine b) uracil c) cytosine d) guanine 2. During which stage of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? a) anaphase b) telophase c) prophase d) interphase 3. What is the matching (complementary) DNA sequence to ACCTGGCTA? a) GGGACCGAC b) TGGACCGAT c) TAGCCAGGT d) UGGACCGAU 4. How many chromosomes are found in each somatic cell in your body? a) 32 b) 23 c) 64 d) 46 5. What are pairs of chromosomes that carry the same trait called? a) diploid b) homologous c) heterozygous d) analogous 6. Who is known as the “Father of Genetics”? a) Carolus Linneas b) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek c) Isaac Newton d) Gregor Mendel 7. All gametes contain a(n) _____________ number of chromosomes. a) haploid b) diploid c) even d) unknown 8. What are human chromosomes numbered 1 to 22 known as? a) somatic chromosomes b) gametic chromosomes c) autosomes d) sex chromosomes 9. One of Mendel’s conclusions stated that genes exist in alternate states called: a) hybrids b) alleles c) gametes d) zygotes 10. What is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly in meiosis called? a) chiasmata b) gametogenesis c) segregation d) non-disjunction 11. A trait that expresses itself, while masking another trait is called: a) dominant b) recessive c) homozygous d) heterozygous 12. What contains the genetic instructions for cells, so they can duplicate themselves? a) chromosome b) daughter cell c) chiasmata d) centromere 1 13. The first stage of mitosis when chromosomes start becoming visible in the microscope is called: a) anaphase b) prophase c) telophase d) metaphase 14. Prior to cell division, each chromosome replicates or duplicates its genetic material. The products are connected by a centromere and are called: a) sister chromosomes b) homologous chromosomes c) sex chromosomes d) sister chromatids 15. Which of the following statements is NOT true of mitosis? a) a single nucleus gives rise to two identical daughter nuclei b) the daughter nuclei are genetically identical to the parent nucleus c) the centromeres divide at the beginning of anaphase d) homologous chromosomes synapse in prophase 16. Down syndrome occurs in people who have 3 copies of chromosome 21. What is the process responsible for this called? a) deletion b) duplication c) fragmentation d) nondisjunction 17. What term describes when a gene segment of a chromosome comes free, and is reinserted back into the chromosome in reverse order? a) translocation b) inversion c) deletion d) fragmentation 18. A trait that remains hidden is called what type of trait? a) dominant b) hybrid c) dormant d) recessive 19. A man who carries sex-linked alleles on his Y chromosome will transmit this gene to: a) half his male offspring b) all of his male offspring c) half of his female offspring d) all of his female offspring 20. What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans? a) 23 b) 24 c) 46 d) 44 21. In which stage of meiosis does crossing-over occur? a) prophase I b) anaphase I c) prophase II d) metaphase II 22. In which stage of meiosis do pairs of homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles? a) metaphase I b) anaphase I c) anaphase II b) telophase II 23. Genetically modified organisms are formed by: a) mating organisms of different species b) combining genes from different organisms c) selecting specific organisms based on their traits d) creating hybrids 24. A woman carries a recessive allele for baldness on one of her X chromosomes. Her husband does not carry the trait. Which of the following statements is true? a) half of the sons will be bald b) none of the daughters will carry the trait c) all of the daughters will be bald d) all of the sons will be bald 2 True or False Read each statement and decide whether the statement is true (T) or false (F). Correct the false statements. 1. ______ Identical twins are always the same sex. 2. ______ The mother determines the sex of the child. 4. ______ Certain hereditary characteristics are determined by the blood. 6. ______ Each parent contributes half of their offspring’s genotype. 7. ______ Males are biologically stronger than females. 8. ______ Red-green colour-blindness is more common in females than in males. 9. ______ Many of a person’s inherited characteristics are not readily visible. 10. ______ People may transmit characteristics to their offspring that they do not have themselves. 11. _____ DNA is the basic unit of heredity in all organisms. 12. _____The complementary strand to A-T-C-G-A-G-T-T is A-T-C-G-A-G-T-T. Short Answer 1. The following sequence of letters represents a normal chromosome: Using the word list, indicate each type of mutation shown below. Word list deletion inversion duplication translocation MOPQR QRMNOP MMNNOPQR ABCPQR MNOPQR deletion________ _______________ _______________ _______________ 2. How many functional gametes are produced by spermatogenesis? By oogenesis? Why? 3. What is genetic testing? Why is this important? What are some issues surrounding genetic testing? 3 4. a) Explain the difference between dominant and recessive alleles. b) Is it better to have a dominant allele rather than a recessive allele? Explain. 5. Complete the chart below comparing mitosis and meiosis Factor Mitosis Type of cell(s) involved Meiosis Number of divisions in complete process Number of cells resulting from one complete cycle Number of duplications of chromosomes Chromosome number of parent cell Chromosome number of resulting cells Role of resulting cells Purpose of this type of cell division 6. What are genetically modified crops? What are some advantages and disadvantages of creating genetically modified crops? 4 7. What are benefits of creating genetically modified organisms? What risks or controversies may be involved? (You may want to think of organisms other than crops) 8. What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project? What are some controversies surrounding the project? (e.g. knowing your genome). 9. Identify each stage of meiosis shown below and explain what is taking place. Be sure to indicate which division (I or II) is taking place. Stage Explanation Stage Explanation 5 10. The stages of mitosis shown below are in the wrong order. Identify each stage of mitosis and explain what is happening in that stage. 6