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BUILDING NIGERIA’S LOCAL RESPONSE
TO CLIMATE CHANGE (BNLRCC)
– A “Cities and Climate change” Project for Local Governments in Nigeria
Submitted by:
Climate change Network Nigeria (CCN-Nigeria)
Port Harcourt, Nigeria
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Project Profile……………………………………………………………………….…………
Acronyms………………………………………………………………….…………..…………
Project Summary………………………………………………………….…..………………..
Problem Identification………..………………………………..……………..….
Project Design…………………………………………………………………………
Stakeholder Analysis…………………...…...…………………………………………
Target Population………...…………….………………………………………………...
Gap Analysis……………………………….………………………………….…………
Organizational Structure and Project Staffing……….…………………………………
Capacity Building and LGAs Participation……………………………………………………...……
Gender Impact……………………………………………………………………………………….....
Project Feasibility and Sustainability...……………………………………………………………...…...
Monitoring and Evaluation Plan…………………………………………………………………….....
Appendix:
1. Problem Tree Analysis
2. Stakeholder Analysis
3. Organizational Chart
4. SWOT Analysis
5. Logframe
PROJECT PROFILE
Project Title:
Building Nigeria’s Local Response to Climate Change
(BNLRCC)
– A “Cities and Climate change” Project for Local Governments in
Nigeria
Project Number:
774-011
Direct Participants:
1,548 Local Government Council Management and Climate Change
Desk Officers.
Project Duration:
One Year
Geographical Area:
Six Geo-political Zones of Nigeria
Implementing Agency:
Climate change Network Nigeria (CCN-Nigreia)
Project Holder:
Surveyor Efik
Address:
Plot 30, Pipeline Road, Off Airport Road, Rukpokwu,
Port Harcourt, Rivers State
Nigeria
Total Project Cost:
N57, 176, 250 = $36,942
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ALGON
Association of Local Governments of Nigeria
AMAC
Abuja Municipal Council
BNLRCC
Building Nigeria’s Local Response to Climate Change
CBO
Community Based Organization
CC
Climate Change
CCD
Climate Change Department
CCN
Climate Change Network Nigeria
CDM
Clean Development Mechanism
COP
Conference of Parties
CSO
Civil Society Organization
DIP
Detailed Implementation Plan
DNA
Designated National Authority
FBO
Faith Based Organization
FCT
Federal Capital Territory
FME
Federal Ministry of Environment
GWP
Global Water Partnership
HBS
Heinrich Boll Stiftung
HDI
Human Development Index
ICLEI
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives - Local Governments for
Sustainability
IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IUSSP
International Union for the Scientific Studies of Population
LGA
Local Government Area
LCDA
Local Council Development Area
NASS
National Assembly
NGO
Non-Governmental Organization
NIMASA
Nigerian Maritime Safety and Administrative Agency
NPC
National Population Commission
MSP
Multi Stakeholder Platform
PACJA
Pan African Climate Justice Alliance
SCCU
Special Climate Change Unit
SMART
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time
SO
Strategic Objective
SPDC
Shell Petroleum Development Company
SWOT
Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat
PACJA
UCLG
United Cities and Local Governments
UNFCCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change
WMSC
World Mayors Summit on Climate
PROJECT SUMMARY
The people of Nigeria suffer from a range of sustained ecological problems necessitated by climate
change as a result of structural administrative defects and low awareness of climate vulnerability,
mitigation and adaptation in cities and communities. Climate change has manifested desertification,
water shortage, erosion, flooding, displacements, conflicts, under-development and loss of
biodiversity. These incidences are further exacerbated by unimpeded deforestation, gas flaring, oil
spills and other extractive activities that are hampering the environmental safety in the country. To
contribute to the reduction of these hazards, Climate Change Network Nigeria (CCN-Nigeria) for
almost five years has been promoting a climate-friendly program through a multi-sector approach.
CCN-Nigeria intends to build on this experience to implement the Building Nigeria’s Local Response
to Climate Change (BNLRCC) project. This project’s goal is that at the end of the project period,
people in Nigeria are more aware of the impact of climate change and adopt measures that
reduce its effect. It has two strategic objectives:
Strategic Objective 1:
The response of LGAs to climate change vulnerability, mitigation and
adaptation in cities and communities are improved.
Strategic Objective 2: The LGAs begin to actively participate in regional and international climate
change events.
These are posited to awaken grassroots campaign through the nearest government to the grassroots
people because most inhabitants still perceive the changes in their immediate environment as an act of
God or a metaphysical force. It is opined that lobbying for the adoption of a climate change desk in
each LGA and also building the capacity of the designated officers on climate change mitigation and
adaptation measures will provide linkages that will enhance synergy with other governmental
organizations in the struggle for healthy environment. Therefore, this project is designed to
deliberately prompt conscious efforts of target LGAs to assess their situation and push for access to the
ecological fund and other emerging climate change funds in Nigeria to address concerns. In a bid to
garner support from all region in Nigeria, the movement is fashioned in a decentralize manner to
capture the existing six geopolitical zones of the nation with their peculiar environmental challenges.
Those LGAs that had participated in Conference of Parties (COP) will be encouraged to share
experiences/gains to arouse the interest of the 774 LGAs that are yet to get involved in the program.
CCN-Nigeria is poised to strengthen local capacity to manage the environment in a sustainable manner
by creating credible link between the target LGAs and relevant stakeholders to ensure their future
participation, contribution and possibly step down agreements/potential activities in the best interest of
their people to compliment the efforts of other actors in alignment with national programs.
These include a dual process of working with the LGAs through ALGON and also diffusing the
unwholesome affairs amongst Federal, State and Local government for improved relationships to elicit
teamwork. To achieve this stride, CCN-Nigeria will be lobbying Federal Ministry of Environment,
Climate Change Department and other relevant stakeholders to involve LGAs in their activities in
order to come up with a holistic plan of action and shared responsibilities.
In a nutshell, this project entails facilitating the creation of Climate Change Desk Officer in LGAs,
facilitating the drafting, review and finalization of the job description of Climate Change Desk Officer,
building their capacity on basic climate change issues including report writing, advocacy and
knowledge sharing, advocate for LGAs and CSOs empowerment to access ecological funds in Nigeria,
engagement of National Assembly on climate change issues, meet with and lobby Federal and State
ministries of Environment and Education for infusion of climate change education in formal and
informal sectors of Nigeria, track ecological funds in Nigeria and conduct independent analysis of
projects that borders on ecological issues. CCN-Nigeria will also collaborate with national, regional
and international Networks as well as participate in other regional and international initiatives on
climate change to complement their work and inform current advocacy campaigns of realities on the
ground.
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS
The 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) – a consensus
document produced by over 2,000 scientists representing every country in the United Nations;
provided regional assessment which showed Africa to be the most vulnerable to the adverse effects of
climate change and with the least adaptive capacity. Africa is particularly threatened, since land
degradation and desertification affect about 46% of the whole continent. Furthermore, it was affirmed
that the poorest people within the African communities are the most vulnerable which calls for urgent
assistance. According to IPCC WG 1 Projections in 2007, the median temperature increase lies roughly
1.5 times above the global mean response in all seasons in all the four regions in Africa.”
Nigeria, being a country in the Sub-Saharan Africa fell within the above analysis. The nation lies
approximately between latitudes 40 and 140N and longitudes 30 and 150E with a total area of
923,768km2. It occupies about 14% of land area in West Africa, shares borders with the Republics of
Niger and Chad in the North, the Republic of Cameroon in the East, the Republic of Benin in the West,
while the Gulf of Guinea, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean, forms the southern border. It is the most
populated country in Africa, with population of about 140 million (NPC 2006) and ranks 154 out of
187 countries on the 2013 United Nations Human Development Index.1 There are about 275 ethnic
groups in Nigeria with the three largest ethnic groups being Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. The country is
administered under the Federal system of government with strong central government and 36 States in
addition to a Federal Capital Territory (FCT); all grouped into six geo-political zones. The States and
FCT are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas/Area Councils for grassroots
administration.
Nigerian population is projected to be about 161,726,000 by 2015 but presently, about 46 percent of
the population lives in Nigerian urban areas2. The population density as at 2002 was 141 per sq km
(364 per sq mi) and it is densest in the south and sparsest in the north. This trend is mainly due to
people migrating from rural communities to cities – especially young adults looking for work – as well
as high urban birth rates (IUSSP 2007). Cities and towns are growing at twice the rate of the rural
population and are expected to add 400 million people to Africa’s urban population over the next 25
years (Auclair 2005). By 2025, more than half of Africa’s population will live in urban areas
(Tibaijuka 2004; UN-HABITAT 2006).
1
2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index
Nigerian Tips, October 8, 2008
The population drift is exposing cities to high vulnerability, to extreme weather events and rising sea
levels due to lack of the resilience to cope with impacts of climate change (ICLEI 2010).
The burden of climate change impacts is already very high and reported in Nigeria. We realize that the
persistence of below-mean rainfall in the last two decades in Nigeria is an indication of an abrupt
change in climate3 (Environmental Impact, 2010).
MAIN TRENDS IN NIGERIA
The Nigerian climate change situation is laced with two major challenges of desertification and
droughts in the North and sea level rise and coastal floods/erosion in South; both caused by common
effects of increased temperature, deforestation and precipitation pattern. According to the Nigeria’s
First National Communication under the UNFCCC, the following findings aptly describe the true
context of climate change in Nigeria. While desertification is degrading the North at the rate of 600m
(0.6km) per year (FME 2003), the Niger River Delta is losing 400 hectares of land a year to erosion
(Hinrichsen 2007).
The specific vulnerabilities and impacts pertaining to climate change are witnessed in two major
scenarios across the northern and southern divides of the country. These include declining volume of
water in reservoirs and stream flows, crop failures due to frequent dry spells during growing seasons,
menace of aquatic weeds, shortage of fodder and increasing conflicts between farmers and herdsmen,
deforestation and desertification, which have all adversely affected the livelihoods of the rural/urban
poor with greater intensification of poverty4.
The indirect vulnerabilities issues relate to sprawling of settlements onto rural land, poor energy
production, low industrial activities, poorly developed transportation system, challenges relating to
human health and gender issues (HBS 2008). Above all, there is a very low level of awareness and lack
of capacity to respond at the local level in Nigeria.
Climate Change Scenarios in Southern Nigeria
The Nigerian coastal region covers a total of nine states out of the thirty-six states of the federation,
namely: Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo and Rivers. The coastal
states are estimated to account for 25% of the national population. The coastline stretches for about
853km comprising inshore waters, coastal lagoons, estuaries and mangrove especially in the Niger
3
4
Environmental Rights Action/Friends of the Earth Nigeria: Environmental Impact, November 2010
Heinrich Boll Stiftung Nigeria. December 2008. Response to climate change: Adaptation Strategies of Action for Nigeria.
Delta. The economic activities in the coastal zone include Oil and Gas exploration and exploitation,
fishing industries, shipping, agriculture and tourism. The zone experiences a tropical climate consisting
of a rainy season (April- October) and a dry season (November- March) with diurnal temperature as
high as 34 to 35°C and high relative humidity that are rarely below 60%.
The major factor of vulnerability of the coastal areas is the rising sea levels with increasingly strong
surges capable of causing surface and underground sea water inundation (French et al. 1995; Crammer
2007), which is capable of damaging the socio-economic infrastructures such as oil prospecting
facilities and transmission lines. It pollutes water resources, impairs fish production, destroys
ecosystems and causes landward extension of inter-tidal zones. The rising floods from rivers draining
the areas and the already weakened economic status of many people in the coastal areas is increasing
the rate of disasters such displacement of homes/communities and destruction of social infrastructure
and lives. Some analysts had estimated that the risk of ocean flooding in the delta can be up to USD14
Billion with 2m rise in sea level. More than 600,000 villages could be displaced by 1m rise in sea
level, based on existing population.
Climate Change Scenarios in Northern Nigeria
In the northern part of Nigeria, desertification is the most pressing impact of climate change. This is
visible in the gradual shift in vegetation from grasses, bushes and occasional trees to grass, bushes and
expansive areas of sand. It has been estimated that between 50% and 75% of Bauchi, Borno, Gombe,
Jigawa, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto,Yobe and Zamfara States is being affected by desertification 5.
In these areas, population pressure resulting in over-grazing and over-exploitation of marginal lands
has aggravated desertification and drought. Entire villages and major access roads have been buried
under sand dunes in the extreme northern parts of Katsina, Sokoto, Jigawa, Borno and Yobe States and
5
Heinrich Boll Stiftung, Nigeria; Response to Climate change: Adaptation Strategies of Action for Nigeria, December
2008.
may gradually encroach into other neighbouring States, such as Kano if nothing is done to combat it.
The rate of increases in desertification in the Northern part of Nigeria is at 600m (0.6km) per year6.
Desertification/sand dunes engulfing a community in Yobe State, North-East, Nigeria
Nigeria and Local Awareness trend on Climate change
In Nigeria, climate change awareness, response and demonstration of commitment are largely
experienced at the national level alone. In 2009, sub-national level awareness came from Lagos State,
that not only demonstrated its commitment as seen in the yearly “Lagos State Climate Change
Summit”, aimed at creating public awareness on the threat of climate change and how citizens can be
mobilized to mitigate and or adapt to its impacts, but also directed that all 57 Local Governments
(LGAs and LCDAs) in the State “must” demonstrate their respective commitment to tackling climate
change. Another State that followed suit is Delta State with Green Economy implementation initiative
and Cross River State, with REDD+ mechanism implementation. While, all these States, including
Bayelsa State have been regular Delegates to COP15 and COP16, participation from Local
Governments has been very poor, with only Amuwo Odofin and Eti-Osa Local Government Councils
of Lagos State participating in COP15 for the first time and only Amuwo Odofin in COP16. Thus, the
necessity to scale up awareness, response, commitment, and action, especially on how to combat
climate change at the grassroots levels of Nigeria. Many community people oftentimes had ascribe
these changes to supernatural dynamics.
Response of Local Government Authorities to climate change
The impact of oil extraction on the environment has been devastating7. However, while oil companies
are closely monitored in keeping international environmental standards in some countries, Nigeria
Nigeria’s First National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate change
(UNFCCC), 2003.
7
UNEP: Oginiland facts sheet 2011
6
loosely monitor such standards and the oil companies are able to take a cost advantage. The result of
this is a high rate of equipment failure leading to oil spills and decades of gas flares. It was reported
that there are an estimated 300 oil spills per year in the Niger Delta due to both equipment failure as
well as community sabotage8.
Gas flaring is widely practiced in Nigeria by oil companies due to high cost of injecting gas released
from oil extraction into the ground or processing it into liquefied natural gas, thus, it is released and
burned above ground, in a process known as gas flaring. About 75 percent of associated gas production
in Nigeria is flared which is one of the highest percentages in the world. This practice causes air and
noise pollution, generates sulfur and particulate emissions, contributes to acid rain and releases carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere.9
It is imperative that LGAs work with the communities to establish their own priorities, demand for
clean environment and influence development initiatives. Ignorance and lack of capacity of LGAs on
climate change impact, vulnerability and adaptation has led to their non-involvement in demands for
clean environment and projects that are environment-friendly from the extractive industries in Nigeria,
thus, local struggle for safe environment has been highly uncoordinated without the participation of the
LGAs in development strategies.
PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS
The members of CCN-Nigeria participated in a problem tree analysis to further identify the immediate
and underlying causes of these problems. They identified one problem statement as follows:
Problem 1: There is low response of climate change vulnerability, mitigation and adaptation in the cities and
communities.
Leverage points among the causes of these problems were identified in the problem tree. The lack of
capacity of LGAs to respond to challenges of climate change and the indifference to climate change
impact in communities were spotted as the core problems. The analysis further revealed lack of
commitment to step down information from national government to State & LGA; lack of participation
of LGAs in national, regional & global programs; the blockage of LGAs from accessing the ecological
fund and lack of public awareness as a second level of the problem in Nigeria. Other problems
identified include, poor monitoring and evaluation plan of National Assembly & various State House
8
People and the Environment, SPDC Publication Report, 2000, p. 36.
Pegg, Scott. Poverty Reduction or Poverty Exacerbation: World Bank Group Support for Extractive Industries in Africa,
Environmental Defense, 2003, p.14.
9
of Assemblies’ Committee on Environment and Ecology, lack of enabling law & policy on climate
change, insensitivity, misplacement of priority, poor partnership of LGAs with other stakeholders on
Climate change. The analysis also revealed that the preparation of LGAs budget is often stereotyped
and hardly achieve 30% implementation, excessive control of actions of LGAs by the State, lack of
political will-power, corruption, inability to track Ecological fund, lack of climate change infusion in
education curriculum and informal sector as also being part of the problem.
As adduced, these factors are contributory at different levels to the climate change predicament in
communities and cities in Nigeria, thus, this project is designed to contribute in addressing the
fundamental issues outlined above.
PROJECT DESIGN
The goal earmarked to be achieved is that at the end of the project period, people in Nigeria are
more aware of the impact of climate change and adopt measures that reduce its effects.
This
improvement will be seen through collaborative efforts of the three tier of government on climate
change issues, improved actions of the Local Government Areas on Climate change issues and
community participation. The crux of these efforts is geared towards improved quality of life and
reduced human threat to environmental sustainability such as deforestation and ecological degradation
appropriately.
The attainment of this goal is specifically to be driven through two strategic objectives which embody
a logical plan of activities to produce outputs that will steer a change in behavior as intermediate
results. In the logframe structure each level is accompanied by SMART indicators, data source, and
assumptions.
Strategic Objective 1: The response of LGAs to climate change vulnerability, mitigation and
adaptation in cities and communities are improved.
Outcome 1.1: The target LGAs collaborate with Federal/State Government and other key
stakeholders to address climate change concerns.
Activities
1.1.1
Organize a 1-day regional workshop on Climate Change Adaption for Local
Government Administrators to facilitate creation of climate change desk
officer
1.1.2
Facilitate the drafting, review, and finalization of the job description of climate
change desk officer.
1.1.3 Conduct regional trainings for Local Government climate change desk officers
1.1.4 Engage National Assembly on Climate change issues and advocate/sponsor bills
to authorize LGAs and CSOs access to ecological fund
1.1.5 Meet with and lobby stakeholders including extractive companies, Federal and
State ministries of environment and education.
1.1.6 Track ecological funds.
The outcome of first specific objective is planned to be accomplished through two levels. The first
approach is working with target LGAs to strengthen their capacities and develop consensus within
Association of Local Governments of Nigeria (ALGON) for a strategic voice. CCN-Nigeria will
strengthen the knowledge of the target LGAs on climate change mitigation and adaptation measures,
report writing, advocacy and knowledge sharing to broaden their understanding base for the
sustainability of the activities. Reinforcing these skills, CCN-Nigeria will work with each LGA to
address and overcome divisions, identify priority ecological threats in their LGAs and, facilitate their
attendance and participation in regional and international climate change events. Part of this process
will include the facilitating the creation of climate change committee in ALGON that will not be
gender blind to ensure adequate women representation that will secure downward flow of information
to other women mostly in rural communities where climate change issue is still very unpopular.
Secondly, CCN-Nigeria will be lobbying the Federal Ministry of Environment, Climate Change
Department (CCD) and other relevant stakeholders to involve LGAs in their activities. Governmental
entities like the Nigerian Maritime Safety and Administrative Agency (NIMASA), Local Government
Legislative House, the Ministry of Local Government Commission, River Basin Authorities and other
development organs of government and CSOs will be included in the awareness exercise to draw their
attention to climate change issues and improve its consideration in development projects or
enforcement of environmental standards. Dialogue amongst the groups will be facilitated in order to
determine a plan of action and shared responsibilities. This may include development of educational
curriculum for both formal and informal sector, organization of conferences, symposia and workshops,
clean up of oil spills, stoppage of gas flaring in the Niger Delta and will secure whatever capacity and
commitment stakeholders have to contribute. The use of ecological fund in the implementation of
Climate Change Action Plan by stakeholders will be monitored by CCN-Nigeria in collaboration with
Climate Change Department and Climate Change Desk Officers (CCDOs) in LGAs.
Indicators for the outcome of the first objective are:

Functional Climate Change Desk in 774 LGAs

25% increase of LGA participation in regional and international climate change events.

Informed Climate Change Desk Officers.

Bill passes 1st and 2nd reading

Climate change infusion in educational curriculum

Affirmative action against gas faring in Nigeria.

Strategic application of ecological fund
Strategic Objective 2: The LGAs begin to actively participate in regional and international
climate change events.
Outcome
2.1: Target LGAs step down learning from regional/international discusses.
Activities
2.1.3 Attend Sub-Saharan regional programs on Climate change.
2.1.4 Participate in international advocacy events.
The outcome of the second objective will be achieved through promoting the participation of LGAs
in regional and international climate change programs for critical learning and engaging partners
and associates for improved corporate responsibility. CCN-Nigeria will support and facilitate
regional LGAs meetings where lessons or new initiatives can be collated, analyzed and integrated
into local adaptation measures for improve quality of life. The meeting is expected to evolve
identification of activities including feedback mechanism, constitution of working committee(s)
and implementation plan with timeline to avoid laxity and derailment of action. For sustainability,
CCN-Nigeria will keep monitoring the schedule of action and reminding the responsible Officers
through email and other forms of communication including visits. Progress reports shall be
compiled and shared to all stakeholders as well as the media and LGAs in other geopolitical
regions to enrich their understanding and sharpen commitments.
Indicators for this outcome are:

Percentage of climate friendly projects implemented by stakeholders in the six geopolitical
location of Nigeria.

Number of projects modified for ecological reason in the six geopolitical location of
Nigeria.

Number of initiated joint investigation reports on existing unfriendly environmental
projects in the six geopolitical location of Nigeria.

Number of LGAs actively involved in influencing communities to undertake climate
friendly development projects.
Programming Strategy
CCN-Nigeria's work is based on a four dimensional strategies. The first consists of transforming the
unjust relationships amongst Federal, State and Local government into right relationships through
advocacy and sensitization. The second consists of collaborating at the local, national, regional and
international level to ensure achieving project objectives and also inform the wider efforts in the area
of ecological protection and corporate responsibility. The third module is lobbying traditional and
religious institutions to support the program. The fourth focus is leaning on women and exploring
tangible roles they can play to achieve the objectives.
Below is the pictorial description of the first approach which involves building synergy amongst the
three tiers of Nigerian government. It entails engaging the Climate Change Department, Federal and
State line ministries and targeted LGAs to progress from the current situation of isolated work to team
work.
Federal Govt.
CCD
LGA
CCD
State
Govt.
LGA
Ecological
Fund
Ecological
Fund
Impacted
Community
Federal Govt.
State
Govt.
Problems and Response
Impacted
Community
Ecological
Fund
Ecological
Fund
Impacted
Community
Collaborative
Mitigation & Adaptation
Measures
Impacted
Community
For effectiveness of this paradigm, the approach will dovetail into the second phase that involves
collaboration with other organizations and actors at the local, national, regional and global levels to
reinforce solidarity in the climate change campaign. The dynamics of climate change in Nigeria are
likely to impact directly on some neighbouring countries and indirectly on some other countries within
the Sub-Sahara. Therefore, CCN-Nigeria will not isolate its work in the Nigeria sphere but will also
engage in activities at regional and international levels.
International Engagements
CCN-Nigeria will continue to participate in international advocacy events targeted at addressing
climate change problems, stay updated on policies of international institutions, learn and identify
shared vision, assert concerns, lobby and also share information with international NGOs.
Regional Engagements
At regional level, CCN-Nigeria will attend continental and sub-regional climate change workshops
hosted in other nations to share information and collaborate with other civil society
groups/practitioners working in the area of climate change in countries within Sub-Sahara Africa.
National Engagement
CCN-Nigeria will participate in national advocacy campaigns; meet with key stakeholders including
law-makers and policy administrators for LGA reform and participation in climate change events at
national and state levels.
Local Engagement
The majority of CCN-Nigeria's work will be at this level with Local Government Authority, it shall be
conducted through member organizations of CCN-Nigeria in the various LGAs in the nation. They
shall collaborate with other local NGOs, CBOs and FBOs with shared vision.
Thirdly, CCN-Nigeria plans to explore the strength of traditional and religious institutions in Nigeria to
buy into the campaign and lobby for proper empowerment of LGAs to address environmental concerns
at community levels in collaboration with Federal government, State government and other
development partners. Religion is a powerful tool in Nigeria; they are viewed with an unbiased altitude
because of their ecclesiastical relationship with leaders at all levels.
The fourth strategy is to identify and recognize peculiar position of women in society and how their
involvement at group level and/or leadership position can be more effectively utilized in the planning
and implementation of this campaign. Women have proven propensity for working together, mostly in
accessing fellows in strategic position of governance. Consequently, they shall be engaged in lobbying
and negotiation activities of this project. By engaging the influence of women's groups and women
leaders in CCN's works, efforts to create healthy relationships and climate friendly development plans
might be more sustainable.
Project Design Process
The project was designed through close collaboration of all the members and board of CCN-Nigeria. In
developing this project, a meeting of the Climate Change Network Nigeria (CCN-Nigeria) was held at
Bolton White Hotel, Abuja on June 10, 2011 to deliberate and analyze problems occasioned by climate
change and proffer solutions to mitigate concerns. The event brought together over 50 participants
including federal government, ALGON, development partners and media personnel.
The meeting evolved a 7-member project assessment committee that worked with CCN-Nigeria
consultant to conduct an in-depth problem analysis, stakeholder analysis, gap analysis, SWOT
analysis, project target areas and implementation approach. The team also reflected on CCN current
activities and overall objectives as they related to the problem. Subsequently, the strategy was
conceptualized and activities planned for the next two years. The project has been revalidated by all
members of the Network and the Board of Trustees.
Lessons Learned
The project design was largely informed by lessons learnt from 2007 of CCN's operation. It was
observed that Nigerian nation has so far created awareness at the national level as well as impact at
international level but such impact is yet to be felt at the local level, hence the need for a project that
builds on the perspectives, experiences and innovations of grassroots people as well as the LGAs. CCN
identified the need for a bottom-up intervention to generate support for climate change adaptation at
the local level. CCN also recognized a need for long-term engagement with all stakeholders in order to
ensure the sustained commitment to objectives and outcomes. It has chosen to work with the 774
LGAs in the nation to be able to track the progress and further lessons for the next two years.
The Chairman of CCN Board of Trustee, Prof. Emmanuel Oladipo acknowledged the initiative of the
dream of a collective action platform for Nigerian CSOs working on climate issues and agreed that at
various international forums (such as Bonn, Durban, Doha etc) CCN-Nigeria had achieved a highly
visible profile in discussions around adaptation, mitigation, technology transfer etc., but needs to
transcend such impact to local level in Nigeria.
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
CCN conducted a stakeholder analysis to represent the parties involved or affected by the project. The
main stakeholders in the project were identified and analyzed to ascertain each group's interest, ability
to influence project as well as motivation for participation in the project. The status of existing
relationships amongst the stakeholders was also analyzed to establish the level of conflict, synergy or
neutrality.
The stakeholders most relevant to CCN's work in this project include the Local Government Councils,
Conference 57 of Lagos State, Association of Local Governments of Nigeria (ALGON), Local
Government Legislative House, Ministry of Local Government Affairs, Special Climate change Unit
(SCCU) now Climate Change Department (CCD), Federal Ministry of Environment and the Nigerian
National Assembly. Other important stakeholders include the Nigerian Maritime Safety and
Administrative Agency (NIMASA), Federal Ministry of Water Resource, Federal Ministry of Women
Affairs and donors to this project.
TARGET POPULATION
The large number of communities who are facing a wide-range of negative impacts due to climate
change is undoubtedly beyond the scope of CCN-Nigeria ability to respond. Considering resources and
capacity, CCN-Nigeria has chosen to focus its work on the entire 774 LGAs in a clustered form
(geopolitical zone).
Over the period, CCN will work in these LGAs to learn various lessons and identify practices that can
be shared with other practitioners as well as to inform their future activities.
Currently, CCN has established partnerships with Eti-Osa LGA, Amuwo Odofin LGA (both in Lagos),
Yenagoa LGA and Ekeremor LGA (both in Bayelsa State) as well as the Association of Local
Governments of Nigeria (ALGON), while discussions are ongoing with Abuja Municipal Council
(AMAC). The Network was also appointed member/civil society representative of the National Interministerial Committee on Climate change in 2009 and the member/civil society representative of the
National Technical Committee on REDD +.
The Network had led about 40 CSOs to attend COP15 at Copenhagen and contributed to the
development of civil society positions at the Conference, especially the African position through
PACJA. After the Conference, a post-Copenhagen meeting was organized by the Network at Lagos to
review the COP15 process and the implications for Nigeria, 31st January 2010. The CCN also led some
Nigerian CSOs to Cancun in 2010 for COP16 and the 3rd UCLG Global Summit as well as the ICLEI’s
World Mayors Summit on Climate (WMSC) at Mexico City.
GAP ANALYSIS
An analysis of key local actors in Nigeria was conducted by CCN-Nigeria in order to detect what gaps
of services exist among existing Networks, NGOs, FBOs and CBOs. CCN-Nigeria catalogued ten of
the NGOs working with similar issues in the Nigeria to explore the characteristics of each. The
categories included project activities, geographic area, target beneficiaries and unmet needs.
The gap analysis revealed that a number of organizations are working at State levels, target
beneficiaries are very few communities.
The major unmet needs are as follows:
 None of the evaluated organizations is involving or had involved the LGAs in projects in their
geographical area of coverage.

No Network, Coalition, NGO and other CSOs in Nigeria are working to abridge the absence of
LGAs in the Climate Change campaign despite the closeness of this tier of government to the
local populace. It is apparent that the Federal and State Government of Nigeria’s climate
change awareness program and mitigation measures are not inclusive and consistent. While
structures are being reformed at State and National level, the LGAs were totally disconnected
from the communication chain. In Nigeria, Local government administration are largely
managed by people from localities within the LGA who understand the culture, customs and
local linguist, thus, communication is pretty effective with the local populace.

No organization is presently lobbying members of National Assembly to grant LGAs and CSOs
the leverage to access ecological funds; it is evident that the National Assembly committee on
Environment and Ecology including most LGAs are yet to understand the degree of threats
climate change portends.

No organization is facilitating the participation of LGAs in local, national, regional and
international climate change events. From records, only 4 LGAs had participated in COP 15
and COP 16.

No organization is also interfacing with other line ministries on climate change. For now,
climate change and related programs are alien to ministries, organizations such as Federal
Ministry of Education need to understand the issues before they can infuse it into educational
curriculum, in the same vein, Federal Ministry of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation needs fair
knowledge of the issues of concern before they can undertake to educate the informal sector.
Therefore, the critical assignment is to cardinally arouse the interest of the various stakeholders on
climate change vulnerability, mitigation and adaptation measures to enable them fulfill their
mandate and obligations to the larger populace.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND PROJECT STAFFING
At the peak of the organization is the General Assembly, followed by the Board of Trustees (BoT) with
an Advisory Board, known as the National Stakeholders Advisory Board. The National Coordinator is
directly under the BoT and attends their meetings. Each of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria has a
Zonal Coordinator that is part of the national executive body known as the National Steering
Committee.
Under the Zonal Coordinators are State Coordinators that forms the Zonal Executives. This project is
under the management of the National Coordinator, who is the project holder. It is to be implemented
in a decentralized manner through the regional coordinator with the help of the States Coordinators in
each Zone while the National Coordinator oversees its implementation.
However, CCN-Nigeria maintains a national secretariat in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria and
presently has one program staff, an administrative/logistic staff and one Finance personnel. These staff
works directly with the National Coordinator and render supportive services to the Zonal Coordinators
by tracking project implementation, collating regional reports and preparing programmatic and
financial report for the donors.
Administration and Finance staff manages the daily needs of the organization including disbursement
and management of funds. The Administrative/logistic Officer is responsible for purchases, media
productions and other technological displays of CCN-Nigeria.
CAPACITY BUILDING AND LGA PARTICIPATION
The capacity of the Local Government Climate Change Desk Officers shall be built on
 Community Based Adaptation

Urban Management tools for climate change mitigation and adaptation

Low carbon development skills and Energy Efficiency

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management techniques

Report writing and knowledge sharing.
During the regional workshop on Climate Change Adaption for Local Government Administrators to
steer the creation of Climate Change Desk Officer, participants shall be requested to facilitate the
production of electronic report of incidences and the mitigation measures being applied in each
scenario in their respective LGAs and send to CCN-Nigeria.
These will form CCN-Nigeria national databank and also guide the content and preparation of training
materials. Some striking presentations will be shared by the respective Desk Officers and used for
demonstration by the resource persons. Each Resource Persons are to train the participants with these
familiar examples and conduct group works.
GENDER IMPACT
Gender roles limit both women and men, but have a more repressive impact on women. Reminiscent of
most structures in Nigeria, women are disproportionately represented in managements and trainings.
For CCN-Nigeria, gender mix is cardinal in order to abridge the current communication gap that exists
in our society and the LGAs in particular. The essence of this is to enhance the quality of feedback
from both men and women since perception differs.
We shall emphasize on affirmatives actions in our letters of invitation for the 1-day Zonal workshop on
Climate Change Adaptation for Local Government Administrators. During the workshop, we will
elaborate on Gender Impact assessment Framework to draw the attention of the Administrators to
incorporate a gender perspective into deployment or appointment of Climate Change Desk Officers
because of the different needs, characteristics, behaviours, perceptions and responses of both sex to
climate change. The Federal and States Ministries of Women Affairs shall be contacted to also demand
the appointments/deployment of some women in keeping to the national policy.
We shall also give consideration to affirmative action in the selection of resource persons to handle
trainings in this project
PROJECT FEASIBILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY PLAN
CCN-Nigeria intends to sustain the project by creating credible regional and international linkages for
the LGAs for knowledge sharing, access local sustainability policies and management and participate
in Climate Change events. CCN-Nigeria will also facilitate exchange visits for the LGAs within and
outside the country for further learning; the funding for this activity shall be mobilized from ALGON.
The creation and training of Climate Change Desk Officers is also a sustainable factor. It is also
anticipated that the concerted efforts of the three tiers of government (Federal, State and Local
Government) collaboration will continue to added-value after this project has ended. Access to
ecological fund for training and addressing some of the environmental concerns will also give this
initiative grounding.
MONITORING AND EVALUATION
This project will be monitored through the following processes:

Bi-weekly zonal meetings to measure progress.

Monthly report of activities of each region to the National Coordinator.

Trip reports of meetings held with stakeholders.

Monthly financial reports to measure financial progress against program as planned.

Quarterly evaluation of program based on approved Detailed Implementation Plan (DIP) by
CCN-Nigeria executives to draw new lessons and possibly adjust to accommodate best
practices..

Bi-annual activity and financial report or as stated in contract to CCN-Nigeria Board of
Trustees and Donors.

Submission of annual activity and financial report to the funding agencies, CCN-Nigeria Board
of Trustees and member organization.

Annual auditing of the Finance Department.

Final evaluation of project.
APPENDIX 1
CCN-Nigeria Problem Tree
Gully erosion
Flood
High temperature
& Heat waves
Poor agricultural
yield
Resource
Conflicts
Lack of
grazing land
Increase in tropical
cyclone intensity
Air pollution
Lack of CDM
projects
THERE IS LOW RESPONSE OF
CLIMATE
CHANGE
VULNERABILITY, MITIGATION
AND ADAPTATION IN THE CITIES
AND COMMUNITIES
Continuous
emission of green
gas (gas flare)
Decreased
water
resources
LGAs lack the capacity to
respond to the challenges of
Climate Change
Indifference to CC impact
in communities
Lack of commitment to
step down information
from national govt. to
State & LGA
Lack of participation in
national, regional &
global programs
Poor M & E plan of
NASS & House of
Representative
Committee on Env./CC
Poor CC governance
Lack of enabling law &
policy on CC
Environment is not
seen as a priority area
Insensitivity on CC
matter
Poor partnership with
stakeholders on CC
Misplacement of
Priority
Lack of information on
CC
Lack of funds
No budgetary
provision for CC
program
Budget preparation
are stereotyped &
30% hardly
achieved
LGAs are
marginalized in
Ecological fund
Actions of LGAs
are determined
by state
There is no
political
willpower
Corruption
LGAs are not
signatories to
joint account
Ecological funds
are not tracked
Lack of awareness
Lack of Climate
Change infusion
in education
curriculum
Policy still at
infancy stage at
Federal Ministry of
Education
Lack of Climate Change
education in the
informal sector
Poor response from
Federal & State
Ministry of
Environment
APPENDIXE 2
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
List of
What is their
Stakeholders
interest in this
project?
What is their
potential
influence on
the project
success or
failure?
What is their
capacity or
motivation to
participate in
the project?
As Designated
National
Authority
(DNA) for
UNFCC, its
support and
partnership will
enhance the
success of the
project
Can effectively
influence LGAs
politically in
stimulating
administrative
commitment to
the program
Achievement of
a low carbon
economy
Special Climate
Change
Unit/FME
To encourage the
facilitation of
effective grassroots
response to climate
change mitigation and
adaptation.
ALGON
To see the LGAs’
capacity being
strengthened towards
Climate Change
mitigation and
adaptation
State Ministries
of Local
Government
Service
commission.
To encourage LGAs
response to Climate
Change mitigation
and adaptation in
their respective states
Nigerian
Maritime Safety
and
Administrative
Agency
(NIMASA)
To collaborate in
facilitating the
mainstreaming of
maritime issues in
coastal LGAs
Can facilitate
directives for
the inclusion of
Climate Change
in the LGAs
budget
None
participation
can create gap
in littoral
communities
Green Tree
African
Initiative
To restore and
maintain a clean and
green environment
for healthy living
Can advise
LGAs on tree
planting
campaign
What are their
relationships
with other
stakeholders
(confliction or
co-operative,
etc.)?
Cooperative
Potential to
attract
investment,
finance and
Clean
Development
Mechanism
(CDM),
sustainable and
development
Increase
resources and
capacity to fight
Climate Change
at local level
Cooperative
Strong capacity
to strengthened
LGAs on
coastal
management
and effective
Climate Change
mitigation and
adaptation
Have capacity
to mobilise
people and
facilitate tree
planting
Cooperative
Cooperative
Cooperative
Conference 57
of Lagos State
To see the LGAs’
capacity being
strengthened towards
Climate Change
mitigation and
adaptation
Can effectively
influence LGAs
politically in
stimulating
administrative
commitment to
the program
Potential to
Cooperative
attract
investment,
finance and
Clean
Development
Mechanism
(CDM),
sustainable
development
and job creation
Global Water
To facilitate policy
Can effectively Knowledge is
Cooperative
Partnership
regulations and
influence NASS shared.
(GWP)
monitoring/evaluation on policy issues
in the implementation
Better initiatives
of BNLERCC project
are evolved and
in the respective
advocated
LGAs
Federal Ministry To facilitate Gender
Have great
Promotion of
Cooperative
Women Affair
mainstreaming in the measure of
gender balance
BNLRCC project
women
in Climate
across the LGAs
participation in Change
the program
mitigation and
adaptation
Donors
Program is fully
Identifying with Have both
Cooperative
implemented and
this project can financial and
funds well spent
encourage other technical
funders to
support that can
participate in
lead to
the program
achievement of
set objectives
APPENDIXE 3
Organizational Chart
General assembly
Board of Trustee
Program
Officer
National
Coordinator
Advisory Board
Admin/Logistics
Officer
Admin/Finance
Officer
North-West
Coordinator
North-East
Coordinator
North-Central
Coordinator
South-West
Coordinator
South-East
Coordinator
South-South
Coordinator
State
Coordinators
State
Coordinators
State
Coordinators
State
Coordinators
State
Coordinators
State
Coordinators
APPENDIXE 4
SWOT
Strengths:
Weaknesses:
 Dedicated staff
 Financial capacity limits outreach to
regional campaign and two trainings.
 Capacity in CC education

Erratic electricity supply
 Capacity in project management.
 Need for capacity strengthening in MSP
 High membership strength and wide
management;
management
and
coverage.
administration; media and communication.
 Strong
working
relationship
with
 Limited access to library materials
stakeholders (Communities; ALGON,
local NGOs/networks and Government
agencies)
 Easy access to grassroots communities
 Easy access to Climate Change
Dept/FME.
Opportunities:
Threats:
 Linkage with Climate Change Dept/FME
 High staff turnover as a result of poor
to give credibility and influence
remuneration and welfare package
government authorities.
 Increase militant activities.
 Linkage with Federal Ministry of
 Increase in kidnapping
Education.
 Assassination
 Linkage with State Ministries of Local
 Attitude of government towards work of
Government Service commission.
CCN-Nigeria as it threatens status quo
 Linkage with Media
 Change in leadership of NASS Committee
 Unification of ALGON
on Environment and Ecology
 Unification of local communities.
 Change
of
Government
agencies’
 Strong backing of women associations.
management where relationships have
been established
 Backing of GWPN to influence NASS on
policy issues initiated by CCN-Nigeria
 Inflation
 Create linkages and make referrals among
 Loss of sponsorship
stakeholders
APPENDIXE 5
PROJECT LOGFRAME
Objectives Statements
General Objective
At the end of the project
period, people in Nigeria
are more aware of the
impact of climate change
and adopt measures that
reduce its effect.
Performance
Indicators
Measurement
Critical
Methods
and/or Assumptions
Data Sources
Existing
collaboration
amongst the three
tier of government
on climate change
issues
Federal and State CCN is accepted as
Ministry
of a credible and
Environment Records. unbiased
facilitator.
LGAs Records.
on Climate Change
Improved actions of Dept. Records
the
Local
Government Areas
towards
Climate
change issues and
community
participation.
Strategic Objectives:
1. The response of LGAs
to
climate
change
vulnerability, mitigation
and adaptation in cities
and communities are
improved.
Functional Climate
Change Desk in 774
LGAs
Number
of
environmental
friendly projects that
are guided and/or
initiated by LGAs
(From SOs to
Goal)
LGAs record.
Stable
political/leadership
Ministry of Local structure at LGAs
Government Affair
Work is conducted
Records
with persons that
have the interest of
Community Records
the people and
environment.
Number
of
awareness campaign
conducted.
2. The LGAs begin to Number of LGAs at Conference records.
actively participate in regional events.
regional and international
LGAs records.
climate change events.
Number of LGAs at
international events.
Assuming
they
have capacity to
respond to the
challenges
of
climate change
Assuming
that
there is financial
appropriation
in
LGAs budget.
Environment is
seen as a priority
area.
Outcomes:
1.1 The target LGAs
collaborate
with
Federal/State Government
and
other
key
stakeholders to address
climate change concerns.
From Outcomes
to SOs
Number
of
environmental
friendly
projects/campaigns
that are guided
and/or
jointly
executed by LGAs
and
other
stakeholders
Federal and State Assuming there is
Ministry
of consensus amongst
Environment Records. the stakeholders.
LGAs Records.
Assuming
that
LGAs have access
Climate Change Dept. to ecological funds.
Records
Ministry of Local
Government Affair
Records
Activities:
(From Activities
to Outcomes)
1.1.1 Organize a 1-day 6 Workshop reports. Ministry of Local Assuming
there
regional workshop on
Government Affair
will be peace in all
Climate Change Adaption
the regions.
Records
for Local Government
Administrators
to
LGAs Records
facilitate
creation
of
Climate Change Desk
CCN-Nigeria Records.
Officer.
1.1.2
Facilitate
the Copies
of
Job Ministry of Local Assuming we are
drafting, review, and descriptions
Government Affair
able to access
finalization of the job
technocrat in target
Records
description of Climate
field within the
Change Desk Officer.
budgeted amount
LGAs Records
CCN Records.
1.1.2 Conduct regional 129 Officers trained LGAs Records
trainings
for
Local in each region
Governments’
Climate
CCN-Nigeria Records.
Change Desk Officers
on:
Community
Based
Adaptation,
Urban
Management tools for
climate change mitigation
and adaptation, Low
carbon
development
skills
and
Energy
Efficiency, Disaster Risk
Reduction
and
Assuming selected
trainees
are
committed
to
trainings
Management technique,
report
writing
and
knowledge sharing.
1.1.4 Engage National Bill passes 1st and Ministry of Local
Assembly on climate 2nd reading
Government Affair
change
issues
and
Records
advocate/sponsor bills to
authorize
LGAs
and
LGAs Records
CSOs access to ecological
fund
CCN Records.
1.1.5 Meet with and lobby 6 Advocacy briefs Ministry of Local
stakeholders
including and reports
Government Affair
extractive
companies,
Records
Federal
and
State
ministries of environment
LGAs Records
and education.
Assuming
that
NASS & House of
Representative
Committee
on
Environment/CC
are committed and
sees it as a priority.
Assuming
that
there is peace in
each region.
CCN Records.
1.1.6 Track
funds
ecological 6
Project Ministry of Local Assuming
that
monitoring reports
Government Affair
Freedom
of
Information Act is
Records
respected.
LGAs Records
CCN Records.
Assuming all key
stakeholders
are
supportive
and
apolitical
Outcome1.2
Outcomes:
(From Outcomes to
SOs)
1.2 Target LGAs step Number
of Ministry of Local Assuming the there is
down
learning
from reforms proposed. Government Affair
adequate budget to fund
regional/international
climate
change
Records
discusses.
campaigns.
Number
of
campaign
LGAs Records
undertaken
Assuming that CCN
will monitor schedule
CCN-Nigeria
of action and pressurize
Records.
actions
Activities:
1.2.3 Attend Sub-Saharan Trip Reports
regional programs on
Climate change.
(From Activities to
Outcomes)
Ministry of Local Assuming invitation is
Government Affair
open or extended to
CCN-Nigeria.
Records
LGAs Records
CCN-Nigeria
Records.
1.2.4
Participate
in Trip Reports
international
advocacy
events.
LGAs Records
CCN-Nigeria
Records.
Surveyor Efik
National Coordinator,
Climate Change Network Nigeria
Assuming invitation is
open or extended to
CCN-Nigeria.