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Unit E: Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction Overview Standards Addressed During Unit Students will study the oceans role in determining Earth’s climatic conditions and how human activities have been impacted by major disruptions in climate. Students will examine the relationship between wind patterns and ocean currents and predict the weather patterns during an El Niño and La Niña event. SC.912.L.17.3 SC.912.E.7.9 SC.912.L.17.4 Fundamental Skills: Background information on Earth’s wind patterns Graph the path of hurricanes Science laboratory safety practices Coherence In the grade prior students… Recognize various meteorological symbols Discuss the effects of uneven heating of Earth’s surface Read maps of the world Highlighted Nature of Science Standards Unit E: Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction Unit E: Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction Unit Essential Question: What is the ocean’s role in determining Earth’s climate? Standards: SC.912.L.17.3 Discuss how various oceanic and freshwater processes, such as currents, tides, and waves, affect the abundance of aquatic organisms. SC.912.L.17.4 Describe changes in ecosystems resulting from seasonal variations, climate change and succession. SC.912.E.7.9 Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on climate change by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon, and water. Understand “Essential understandings,” or generalizations, represent ideas that are transferable to other contexts. Students will understand that the ocean plays an important role in determining Earth’s climate. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Know Do Declarative knowledge: Facts, vocabulary, information. Procedural knowledge: Skills, strategies & processes that are transferrable to other contexts. Atmospheric processes affect ocean circulation. Ocean circulation is divided into two categories: horizontal & vertical. The Earth’s rotation affects the ocean & atmosphere. Earth’s climate is regulated by ocean circulation. Earth’s climate is changing. Changes in Earth’s climate will impact the severity of the greenhouse effect. Global weather anomalies are affected by changes in climate. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Model the Coriolis effect. Diagram prevailing wind patterns. Describe net transport in terms of the Ekman Spiral. Compare and contrast El Niño & La Niña characteristics and patterns. Research the effects of El Niño & La Niña events on human activity. 6. Research & graph Earth’s temperature patterns over the past century. Performance Task: Students will research global climate change and its impact on coral reefs. Students will create a presentation informing how global climate change has contributed to the stresses that coral reefs are under. Students will support each of their identified impacts that have led to negative consequences with evidence to support each. CONCEPT: SC.912.L.17.4 Describe changes in ecosystems resulting from seasonal variations, climate change and succession Sample Scale Score 4.0 I can: o o o Score 3.0 I can: o o o o Score 2.0 investigate the processes that drive currents in deep ocean layers compare & contrast El Niño & La Niña characteristics & patterns analyze various climate changes & predict the weather anomalies that could occur research Earth’s temperature patterns over the past century I can: o o o o Score 1.0 research surface currents & explain why understanding what causes surface currents & where they flow is important research the effects of El Niño & La Niña events on human activity & suggest some ways that human could avoid the negative impacts analyze various climate changes & predict the weather anomalies that could occur explain that the study of ocean currents is important to scientists who study climate & weather distinguish between surface & deep ocean currents differentiate between El Niño & La Niña events & predict the affects of both on human activity indicate that Earth’s climate is constantly changing & that the ocean plays a major role in those changes I know: o o o o there are two types of currents: surface & deep ocean that ocean movement influences climate/weather that El Niño & La Niña exist & affect human activity that Earth’s climate is constantly changing Sample Performance Tasks Ocean Surface Currents: http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu Hurricanes: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/101-videos/hurricanes-101 El Nino & La Nina: https://www.climate.gov/enso Currents: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_currents/lessons/currents_tutorial.pdf The Seasons: http://www.sciencecourseware.org/eec/GlobalWarming/Tutorials/Seasons/ Hurricanes: http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/naturaldisasters/hurricane-profile/ El Nino Analysis: http://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/Ocean_Planet/activities/ts2pcac3.pdf Sea Level Slopes and Surface Currents: http://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/Ocean_Planet/activities/ts2siac5.pdf How Ocean Currents Work: http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/oceancurrent3.htm Hurricanes: https://www.ready.gov/hurricanes What are El Nino & La Nina?: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html Surface Currents: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/currents/05currents1.html Comparing Climate patterns- http://earth2class.org/site/wpcontent/uploads/2014/01/climate_analysis.pdf Concept: Currents Driving Questions: SC.912.L.17.3 What are the forces involved in generating ocean water Discuss how various oceanic and freshwater processes, such as circulation? currents, tides, and waves, affect the abundance of aquatic organisms. Student Investigations: NOAA Learning Objects: http://www.montereyinstitute.org/noaa/ Vocabulary Global Winds & Ocean Currents: Coriolis Effect, prevailing winds, upwelling, downwelling, Ekman http://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/Ocean_Planet/activities/ts2si ac4.pdf Spiral, net transport, conveyor belt, Western Boundary Currents, Eastern Boundary Currents, gyres, thermohaline circulation Sample Formative Assessment Task: Essay: 1. Compare & contrast at least five (5) features of Western & Eastern Boundary Currents. 2. Why is the Gulf Stream so important? 3. What is El Niño & why is it considered a global issue? What impact does it have on Florida’s weather? If you owned a seaside home and a bad storm brought heay winds and high surf to your coastline, would you prefer it to be during a new moon or quarter moon? Why? Resources Student Text: Student Misconceptions: Career/STEM Connections: Textbook and other complex text sources: Marine Biology, Castro-Huber, 8th Edition, Chapter 3, pages 38-55; Pages 55-61, organisms between the tides, Chapter 11; Pages 244-266 Deeper Learning Opportunities: Landforms look similar today as they did many millions of years ago. For example, a river on earth today hasn’t changed over time PISCO Studies of ecological interactions, CastroHuber, Page 262 Castro-Huber, Waves that Kill, pgs 58 & 59 Concept: Climate Driving Questions: SC.912.E.7.9 How do the oceans affect climate? Cite evidence that the ocean has had a significant influence on How is global climate change affecting the marine climate change by absorbing, storing, and moving heat, carbon, environment?Hdoes an object’s state of and water. matter depend on its kinetic energy? SC.912.L.17.4 Describe changes in ecosystems resulting from seasonal Student Investigations: variations, climate change and succession. PFEL Climate & Marine Fisheries: http://www.pfel.noaa.gov/research/climatemarine/ Vocabulary climate, sea breeze, land breeze, El Niño, La Niña, barometric pressure, greenhouse effect, global warming Sample Formative Assessment Task: Essay: 1. Identify the three (3) factors that make the Earth heat unevenly & then explain why it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere even though the Earth is farther from the sun than it is in winter. 2. Differentiate between land & sea breezes, & explain how they moderate Florida’s climate. Resources Student Text: Textbook and other complex text sources: Marine Biology, Castro-Huber, 8th Edition- Chapters 3 & 15 (end) and Special Report (p. 231-242) El Niño: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/dynamic/sessi on4/sess4_hydroatmo3.htm Coral Reefs Under Stress: http://www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceUrl/P review/65272 How and why are coral reefs under stress? The authors make the point that coral reefs are beautiful and fragile ecosystems and now possibly the most threatened ecosystem. The content includes: a summary of the structure and function of reefs, outlines the impacts of climate change (specifically coral bleaching and ocean acidification), and discusses aesthetic and economic consequences including practical measures to maintain coral reef health. The Ozone Layer-Our global sunscreen: http://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/resour ces/highschool/chemmatters/articlesbytopic/chemicalreacti ons/chemmatters-april2013-ozone.pdf Student Misconceptions: Students don’t understand the far- reaching effects of El Nino. Deeper Learning Opportunities: Career/STEM Connections: http://oceancareers.com; http://marinecareers.net; http://www2.vims.edu/bridge/search/bridge1output_ menu.cfm?q=career