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What is Internal Text Structure? Internal Text Structures Name____________________________ Text Structure Concept/Definition Listing/Enumeration Cause/Effect Chronological/Sequential Definition The purpose of the text is to define a concept using appropriate supporting details. The purpose of the passage is to list specific points or examples about a topic. The purpose of the passage is to show the cause or causes of an outcome OR to show the effect(s) of an event. The passage shows the time order in which events occurred. What to Look For Internal Text Structure is the way the ideas in a text are organized. Example “such as” “for example” “that is” Global warming is a looming threat to the world. Just what is it? Scientists agree that global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. Punctuation: --a bulleted list --a list in a sentence separated by commas “because” “since” “due to” “therefore” “so” Climate change is endangering many species of animals. Polar bears and tigers are only two of the many species that are threatened by global warming. Also affected by changes to the environment are such diverse animals as salmon, penguins, and corals. “first…second…” “then” “before” “after” “next” “finally” Climate change poses potentially devastating effects on the environment and people’s lives all over the world. Not only are temperatures rising due to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, climate change also is creating a rise in sea level and a decline in glaciers. Climate changes are producing more drought, intensified flooding, increased hurricane intensity, and other extreme weather events that put people at risk. Can human activity change the climate? As early as 1896, a scientist published his theory that burning fossil fuels like coal raised Earth’s average temperature. By the 1930s, the United States had warmed significantly, but most people thought it was just a phase. During the 1950s and 60s, scientists began to measure the level of carbon dioxide that was building up in the atmosphere. From the 1970s through the beginning of the twenty-first century, scientists continued to do research. Since then, more and more sophisticated computer models have assisted scientists in improving their understanding of global The purpose of the passage is to show similarities and differences between two things. “more than” “less than” “similarly” “in contrast” “however” Problem/Solution The passage describes a problem and its solution(s). Look for a problem mentioned in the beginning of the text. These texts might have a question-andanswer format. Process The purpose of “begins with” the text is to “in order to” delineate the procedure or process for how something is done/created, e.g., cookbooks, science labs, etc. Compare/Contrast warming. This has led to increased interest around the world in finding solutions to the problem of global warming. Every two years the World Monuments Fund lists 100 of the most endangered sites around the world. Many of these are in North America, but not all. The United States is home to more endangered sites than any other country. Still, close behind the seven sites in the U.S. are six in Peru and five each in India and Turkey. Many of the sites are affected by climate changes. Not all sites are endangered by climate, though. Some, like Iraq and Afghanistan, are threatened by political unrest. Some sites are even threatened by their popularity with tourists. The Incan ruins in Machu Picchu are one such site. One thing, however, is certain. No matter where they are located or the cause of the danger to these cultural landmarks, it is equally important that they be preserved for the future. One group that is working to reduce the effects of climate change is the WWF (World Wildlife Fund). They are doing extensive research and trying to find creative solutions to this serious problem. The organization is focusing on four main ways to stop climate change. They are: creating responsible policies to reduce global warming, encouraging businesses to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, protecting forests that can help lower the damaging effects of climate change, and helping high-risk communities create plans to lower the impact of global warming on their ecosystems. By encouraging these solutions, the WWF believes that it can protect wildlife from future devastation caused by global warming. Mexican Chicken Fajitas Directions 1. Cut peppers and onion into thin slices. Do not dice, leave slices long and thin. 2. Saute peppers and onion in a small amount of oil until tender. Add mushrooms and chicken. Continue to cook on low heat until heated through. Stir in dry salad dressing mix and blend thoroughly. 3. Warm tortillas and roll mixture inside. If desired top with shredded cheddar cheese, diced tomato and shredded lettuce. Generalization or principle The purpose of the text is to organize information into general statements with supporting details. “always” “in fact” The penny is getting a makeover. The United States Mint revealed four new designs for the 1-cent piece. They will be issued to celebrate the coming bicentennial of President Abraham Lincoln's birth.