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Download Human Chromosomes Mr. Alvarez March 15, 2013
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Human Chromosomes Mr. Alvarez March 15, 2013 DNA • Each diploid cell contains 6 billion base pairs • An Average Human Gene is 3,000 base pairs • Largest gene in human genome has more than 2 million base pairs Lou Gehrig’s Disease • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)- Causes a progressive loss of muscle control due to the destruction of nerves in the brain and spinal cord. – Caused by a mutation on Chromosome 21 Sex-Linked Genes Sex-Linked Genes- Genes found on either the X or Y chromosome Color-Blindness • Human genes associated with color vision are located on the X chromosome • Most common type of color blindness is RedGreen color blindness – Effects 1 in 10 males – Effects 1 in 100 females Sex-Linked Disorders KEY: C =Normal Vision c = Color Blind Normal Female Carrier Female Affected Female Normal Male Affected Male Why Can’t Males Be Carriers? • Males have just one X chromosome • All X-linked alleles are expressed in males, even if they are recessive In humans, normal vision (XC) is dominant to colorblindness (Xc) and is sex-linked. A normal-visioned man marries a colorblind woman. What are the chances that a son will be colorblind. A daughter? A normal male (not colorblind) marries a female carrier. What are the offspring genotypes and phenotypes? Hemophilia is due to a sex-linked recessive gene (Xh) and the normal condition to the gene (XH). A hemophiliac man marries a woman who is not. Their first son has hemophilia. What are the chances that their daughter, if they had one, will be hemophilic? Hemophilia Hemophilia- Sex-linked heredity disorder in which the blood fails to clot properly, resulting in excessive bleeding Duchene Muscular Dystrophy Duchene Muscular Dystrophy- Sex-linked disorders that results in the progressive weakening and loss of skeletal muscle Pedigree