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Variations of Mendel’s Law Notes Incomplete Dominance: NOT Blending Hypothesis because … In northeast Minnesota there is a creature know as a wildcat. It comes in three colors, blue, red, and purple. This trait is controlled by a single locus gene with incomplete dominance. A homozygous (BB) individual is blue, a homozygous (bb) individual is red, and a heterozygous (Bb) individual is purple. What would be the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring if a blue wildcat were crossed with a red one? Multiple Alleles: . Ex. Human Blood Type - Alleles Co-dominance: Ex. Blood Type __________ For each of the following crosses tell us the proportions of genotypes and phenotypes: (show your work in a Punnett Square) Cross a homozygous type A with a heterozygous type B. Cross a type AB person with a heterozygous type A. Cross a type 0 person with a homozygous type B Sickle Cell Allele Pleiotropy: Sometimes may have a ________________ amount of _____________________ Resistant to _______________________ Sickle Cell Heterozygotes Usually ___________________ Explain in your own words why… Polygenic inheritance Additive effects of ________________________ on a _____________phenotypic characteristic. This is the opposite of ________________ in which a single gene affects several characteristics. Chromosome Theory of Inheritance Genes occupy specific _____________ (positions) on chromosomes and it is the chromosomes that undergo _______________ and _________________ assortment during meiosis. As a result… Linked Genes • Linked genes are ones that are located __________________________ on the ______________________________________. • Linked genes do not follow the rules of _________________________ because they are found on the same chromosome. • Only individual chromosome ______________________ not __________________________________ Crossing Over ___________________________ gametes result from crossing over This results in a new ________________________________ (recombinant phenotype) Thomas Hunt Morgan Experiment Studied crossing over in ______________________ (Drosophila melanogaster) G= (dominant) g= (recessive) L= (dominant) l= If these traits were not linked then the cross should result in a _____________________ He ended up with ___________________ recombinants Not a 1:1:1:1 frequency Recombination frequency: He assumed that genes had to be located ________________ on a chromosome for the frequency of recombination to be __________. They can use the recombination frequency to determine… Chromosomes determine sex • • • Sex-Linked Genes Pattern of Inheritance • • Sex-linked Gene: Sex-linked disorders are more common in __________ because… • A recessive trait would show more often in males because it would only need one ________________to show. • A couple are both phenotypically normal, but their son suffers from hemophilia, a sex-linked recessive disorder. What fraction of their children are likely to suffer from hemophilia? What fraction are likely to be carriers? • Heather was not able to see the numeral 7 in Figure 9.24Aand was surprised to discover she suffered from red-green color blindness. She told her biology teacher, who said, “Your father is color-blind too, right?” Show how the teacher would know this? Why did the professor not say the same thing to the color-blind males in the class?