Download Climate Change Issues in Cambodian Coastal Area related to Water Management

Climate Change Issue and Urban Flood
Management
19-20 March 2013, Daegu, Korea
Climate Change Issues in Cambodian
Coastal Area related to Water
Prepared by MR. SRENG Sophal,
Tel: (855) 89-696910 & E-mail: [email protected]/[email protected]
Outline
1. Geography
2. Understand Climate Change in Cambodia
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.1 Impact of Climate Change
2.2 Real Causes (Natural Hazard and Disaster)
Strategies, policies and Legal Frmaework to Support Climate
Change Adaptation
Challenges and Problems
Conclusion and Recommendation
Project Implemented in Coastal Area.
1. Geography
- Land Area of 181,035
Km2
- Share Border with Lao,
Thailand and Viet Nam
- Climate: Tropical Monsoon
Solid Waste
with two distinct seasons :
Dry and Rainy
- Population: 14.8 M with
growth rate between 2.53.0% per year.
Waste Water
2. Understand Climate Change in Cambodia
Recently, Cambodia is facing various problems since there are increasing
natural resources degradation due to forest, water, land etc have been
overusing for economic development and pro-poor development activities in
country-wide up to date. These problems are major for environment which
appeared such as higher temperature, precipitation and sea level rise.
Temperature
Increase
Water Resources
Agricultural
Production
Precipitation Change
Human Health
See Level Rise
Coastal Areas
Forest and
Ecosystems
2.1 Impact of Climate Change in Cambodia
• Health sector: weather-related mortality, infectious
diseases, air quality-respiratory illnesses;
• Agricultural sector: crop yields failure, irrigation demand;
• Forestry sector: change in forest composition, shift
geographic range of forests, forest health and productivity;
• Water resources sector: change in water supply, water
quality, increased competition for water;
• Coastal areas: erosion of beaches, inundate coastal lands,
costs to defend coastal communities;
• Species and natural areas: shift in ecological zones, loss of
habitat and species.
2.2 Real Causes (Natural Hazard and Disaster)
• Flood
– The high rainfall uneven distributed throughout the country .
Some regions can be expected high level of rainfall, which
lead to floods, while the others may face shortage of rainfall,
leading to drought. For example, Flood occurred in 2000 &
2002, which killed people and caused millions in damages to
crop and infrastructure.
• Drought
– According to the information from NCDM in 2002, the impact
of drought in some regions in Cambodia can be evidenced
through the following description. Prolonged drought was
experienced in 1997 to 1998 and consecutive drought in
2001, 2002, 2004 and 2005. It severely affected on people
and destroyed rice paddy.
2.2 Real Causes (Natural Hazard and Disaster)
• Typhone
– Typhoons strike the Cambodian coastline every 2 to 5 years
and normally occur at the end of the rainy season.
– Cambodia is among the four Southeast Asian Countries that
were affected by Typhoon Ketsana between September 26
and October 5, 2009, causing incredible damage and loss,
destroyed homes and livelihoods .
• Seawater Intrusion
– Underground water salinisation and seawater intrusion are
common in coastal lowland areas used for agriculture,
particularly during the dry season.
2.2 Real Causes (Natural Hazard and Disaster)
• Malaria Incidence
– Cambodia is geographically located in an area prone to vector
and water-borne diseases, including malaria and dengue
fever. Thus, changes in climatic conditions will have significant
influence on the outbreak of these diseases.
Case of Climate Change Exposure and Sensitivity in Sihanoukville
province (2012)
Hazard
Possible or observed impact in
urban areas
Current
2025
2050
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
Potentially
high
High
Very high
Very high
Medium
Medium
High
Loss of agricultural land through
sea-water incursion
Low
Low
Low
Damage to homes
Low
Low
Low
Medium
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Medium
High
High
High
Very high
Very high
Damage to fishing boats
Damage to homes
Sea Level Rise
Coastal Erosion
Damage to roads and
infrastructures
Heat related health problems
Heat/Drought
Level Of Sensitivity
Loss of livestock (livelihood
sources)
Lack potable water
Damage to coral
Case of Climate Change Exposure and Sensitivity in Sihanoukville
province (2012)
Hazard
Storm Activity
Flooding
Possible or observed impact in
urban areas
Level Of Sensitivity
Current
2025
2050
Damage to housing
(particularly roofs)
High
Very high
Very high
Damage to fishing boats
High
Very high
Very high
Damage to crops
Low
Low
Low
Loss of tourism potential
Medium
Medium
Medium
Increased threat from
lightening
Medium
Medium
Medium
Vector Borne Disease
Low
Medium
High
Water Borne Disease
Low
High
High
Damage to roads and
infrastructure
Medium
Medium
High
Erosion and run-off from hilly
ground
Medium
Medium
Medium
Damage to homes
Medium
Medium
High
3. Strategies, policies and Legal Frmaework to Support
Climate Change Adaptation
1. Policy of Govt. for Climate Change
• Ratification of the UNFCCC (1995) and Kyoto
Protocol (2002),
• Establishment of Climate Change Office in 2003
and promoted to Department in 2009,
• Establishment of National Climate Change
Committee (NCCC) in 2006,
3. Strategies, policies and Legal Frmaework to Support
Climate Change Adaptation
• Adopted NAPA in 2006,
• Mainstreaming climate change concern
into NSDP updated 2009-2013 and in the
NEAP II 2011-2015,
• Environmental Strategic Plan (2009-2013),
• The National Forestry Programme for 20
Years (2010-2029)
• The Associated National REDD+ Readiness
Roadmap
3. Strategies, policies and Legal Frmaework to
Support Climate Change Adaptation
• The National Programme for Sub National Democratic
Development (2010-2019)
• National Action Programme for Sustainable Land
Management (2011-2020)
• The Strategy for Agriculture and water (2006-2010)
• The Strategic National Action Plan for Disaster Risk
Reduction (2008-2013)
3. Strategies, policies and Legal Frmaework to
Support Climate Change Adaptation
2. National Mechanism for Climate Change
– Initial National Communication
– National Adaptation Programme of Action to
Climate Change.
– National Climate Change Committee
– Climate Change Department
– Cambodia Climate Change Alliance
3. Strategies, policies and Legal Frmaework to Support
Climate Change Adaptation
2. Disaster Management
3. Strategies, policies and Legal Frmaework to Support
Climate Change Adaptation
2. Disaster Management
4. Challenges and Problems
In Cambodia, the NAPA (2006) highlighted the following barriers
related to capacity for adaptation that will need to be addressed:
• Limited financial resources or funding for climate change related
activities;
• Few climate change studies and little experience within the
country;
• Lack of climate change research and/or training institutions in the
country;
• Lack of data availability and reliability and , in particular, absence
of a formal mechanism for information sharing;
• Limited cooperation and coordination among institutional
agencies related to research or studies on climate change and
climate variability;
• Relatively low technical capacity of local staff;
4. Challenges and Problems
• Non-comprehensive national climate change policies and/or
strategy;
• Lack of qualified national and sub-national experts in the country;
• Limited public awareness and education on climate change; and
• Limited technical, financial and institutional resources for
adaptation.
5. Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
• Cambodia is one of vulnerable countries to climate variability
change.
• Natural resources are major factors for local communities to
sustain their livelihood and development.
• The climate change issues are concerned with the natural disaster
hazards occurred in the country mainly flood and drought that
affect mostly to socio-economic development and environmental
and biodiversity
• Lacking good practices in water and related management is the
key for human activities response to climate change issues.
• Therefore, the holistic approach and IWRM shall be incorporated
to all sector aspects to response to climate change adaptation, by
promoting capacity building, and adaptive capacity of vulnerable
people in affected areas.
5. Conclusion and Recommendation
Recommendation
• Development of long-term integrated planning of providing best
chance of minimizing the sea-level rises negative effects;
• Availability of financial resources must be secured for
programs/projects, research and development on climate change
adaptation from both the government agencies and development
partners;
• Strengthening the cooperation and coordination mechanism
among different sectors agencies at local, national, regional and
international levels applying IWRM aspects to response the
climate change adaptation;
• Encouraging the decision makers to recognize the climate change
issues and to commit their deals with issues;
• Vocational skills for local farming to get the jobs in the
communities for climate change adaptation.
Thank you very much
for your kind attention!