Download Study guid Ch 15

Ch. 15 reading guide
Is the adaptive immune response generally faster or slower than the innate? What are the two branches
of the immune system?
T cells and B cells are lymphocytes and largely responsible for the activities of the adaptive immune
system.
What are antigen presenting cells and what do they do? What is phagocytosis and what is an antigen?
When bound by a cellular receptor, are they intra- or extra-cellular?
What are the two types of T cells? What role does each play in the adaptive immune response? How do
they become activated? What is the T cell receptor and does it bind to general or specific peptides?
Which T cells have CD4 and which have CD8?
What are B cells and what are their B cell receptors? What happens when a T cell activates a B cell?
What is an antibody? Are they specific or general?
Where are T and B cells generally found? How do they circulate around the body? How do DCs and
macrophages get to the lymph nodes? Why is it important for T and B cells to be in relatively close
proximity to one another (also APCs)? Peyer’s patches are an example of the organization of lymphoidal
tissues.
How are helper T cells activated? What kind of cell activates them and how does that cell present the
antigenic peptide? What are the regions of the T cell receptor? What part of the receptor binds to and
recognizes the antigen? Why do you think it’s important that this region is variable and unique for each
T cell?
What happens once a helper T cell is activated? What happens to a subset of these T cells (they become
memory cells)?
How do B and T helper cells interact? Why are T helper cells so important in the secretion of antibodies?
What happens when B cells are activated? What happens to a small subset of these B cells? Why is this
important to future immunity against specific pathogens? Are antibodies better at binding antigen after
B cell proliferation? Why?
What makes up an antibody? They are a bit like T cell receptors. What do antibodies bind to? What roles
do antibodies play in response to an infection? How can they increase phagocytosis? Or physically
interfere with the ability of the bacteria to move or adhere? Complement? What about viruses and
toxins?
What role do antibodies and memory cells play in immunity?
What do intracellularly infected cells do with pathogen peptides? How do they present them to T cells?
Which T cells respond to intracellular infection (MHC I)? What happens when these T cells are activated?
Are cytotoxic T cells also specific for certain antigens?
The adaptive immune system is tightly controlled. How does the body prevent B cells from making
antibodies to self antigens? What role do co-stimulatory molecules play in controlling T cell activation?
What happens to T cells that bind MHC I or MHC II that present self antigens?
What are some ways that bacteria and viruses might try and circumvent the immune system?