Download Reading Guide for Week 6

Reading Guide for Week 6 – Bio260, Fall 2013
For Quiz on Monday Nov 4
Colleen Sheridan
Stage 03 – Invasion! Immunity and Pathogenesis
Our bacteria have now established themselves in our host’s body by adhering and growing through binary
fission. Now let’s study how our body fights back (immunity) and how bacteria and viruses counterattack by
causing disease (pathogenesis).
In this week’s reading you will learn about:
1. Eukaryotic cellular structure
2. Innate immunity
3. Adaptive immunity
Essential question: As you are reading, keep asking yourself, “How is this helping me to understand how my
immune system works to fight off pathogenic microbes?”
Chapter 3: Microscopy and Cell Structure (pg 68-78)
You and your immune system are made out of eukaryotic cells. Make sure to review eukaryotic cell structure
and function in Chapter 3. This is the basic foundation to help you understand how the eukaryotic cells of
your immune system work to fight off pathogenic microbes.
Review the parts of the eukaryotic cell. Which parts are thought to have evolved from bacteria?
Chapter 14: The Innate Immune Response
1. What are the first and second lines of defense of nonspecific host mechanisms?
2. How does the nonspecific defense system differ from the specific defense system?
3. Know examples of the different barriers in the non-specific defense.
4. What is the role of normal microbiota (flora) in the non-specific defense?
5. Know the function of the key leukocytes in the blood which are important in the innate immune response,
including the dendritic cells.
6. Which cells are considered phagocytic? How do phagocytes work to eliminate foreign material? What are
some mechanisms that microbes use to evade phagocytosis?
7. How do cells communicate with each other? What is the role of cytokines, Toll-like receptors, NOD-like
receptors, RIG-like receptors, Complement proteins, and interferons?
8. Know how inflammation promotes a response to eliminate bacteria. What are the steps in the process? What
is diapedesis?
9. What are the three outcomes from complement activation?
10. What major protein in the complement cascade is key to activating the rest of the proteins? What are the
three ways in which complement proteins are activated?
11. Why is the fever response beneficial to eliminating a bacterial infection?
Chapter 15: The Adaptive Immune Response
1. What are unique properties of the immune system? What are primary lymphoid organs and secondary
lymphoid organs?
2. Understand MHC Class I and MHC Class II markers. How are they synthesized? Where are they found?
3. Know which cells make antibodies and how they are activated to make them. Know what types of invaders
these cells are most effective in protecting the body.
4. Know which cells kill infected host cells. Know what types of infections, etc. these cell are most effective in
eliminating. How do these cells help the antibody producing cells?
5. Know the different types of T-cells and their function. What is the role of T cell receptors? What function do
Natural Killer cells play in the immune system?
6. Know the general structure of antibodies, how do they bind antigen?
7. Know the general characteristics of the five different classes of antibodies. Which antibody appears first in
response to an antigen, which appears second? Which antibodies can cross the placenta? What is the
function of antibodies, or rather what happens when antibody binds antigen?
8. What role do dendritic cells and macrophages play in the immune response?
9. Know how the immune system responds to a bacterial infection. Which cells are involved?
10. Know how the immune system responds to a viral infection. Which cells are involved?
11. What is meant by the terms adaptive immunity, naturally acquired active immunity, naturally acquired
passive immunity, artificially acquired active immunity, and artificially acquired passive immunity.
12. What is meant by immunological memory?