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BELLWORK 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. To answer bellwork today, read the Twelve Tables packet. This is yours to keep, so you may highlight/take notes as you read. Answer the following: Explain the earliest system of law, including the role of kings and priests. What is the jus civile? How was it used to settle disputes? What was Roman law based on? Which specific laws prove this? The laws were written in a way that everyone could understand. Why do you think it was important for the leaders to do this? What were the Twelve Tables? What rights did Roman men have? Hint: look at tables IV & V. Explain Table VIII. What does it forbid? THINKER: Describe the similarities between the 12 Tables and modern American law. Try and get at least 2! The Twelve Tables Based on custom Written so everyone could understand (Plebeians) On display in the Forum Romanum Written on brass tablets, called tables Tables 1-4 1. 2. 3. 4. You must appear in court if you are summoned If a witness does not show in court, they will be summoned every three days until they show You have 30 days to pay a debt If a child is born deformed, they will be killed immediately & inheritance goes to the eldest son Tables 5-8 5. Females must have a guardian 6. You cannot take another person’s property 7. Roads must be kept in order 8. Thieves cannot be killed by day; seditious gatherings at night are forbidden Tables 9-12 9. The penalty of receiving a bribe is death 10. You cannot bury/burn a corpse within the city; women cannot wail/cry at funerals 11. Marriages between Plebeians and Patricians are forbidden 12. Whatever laws are passed by the Senate, are official laws in the empire. THINKER Discussion What are the similarities between Rome’s 12 Tables and the current U.S. government? Roman Society under the Republic Review: Roman Revolts How did expansion of the empire lead to problems within Rome? Explain the Punic Wars. Why did Romans revolt against the Republic? Why & how did Julius Caesar come to power? Did people support this? Describe Caesar’s reforms. Roman Empire Two periods of Roman government: Roman Republic: 509BC – 30BC Roman Empire: 30BC – 476AD Rome technically had an “empire” under the Roman Republic The Term “Roman Empire” refers to the time period, beginning with Augustus, when Rome was ruled by emperors Reform After a period of civil war, Caesar’s nephew, Augustus, became the ruler of Rome in 32 BC. In the 40 years of Augustus’ reign he introduced many reforms: Attacked government corruption Encouraged the growth of business Extended citizenship to more provinces Established fire and police departments for Rome Imported food for Rome’s poor Built and maintained the empire’s infrastructure Established a strong money system Begun Pax Romana (Roman Peace) which lasted 200yrs “I found Rome a city of bricks, and left it a city of marble” -Augustus Caesar Augustus Caesar’s Power Originally named Octavian, the Senate gave him the name Augustus meaning “most high” Made consul for life by the Senate Also made Princeps, meaning “first citizen” Origin of the word prince Also made Imperator meaning “successful general” Origin of the word emperor Also made Pontifex Maximus meaning “chief religious leader” Origin of the word pontiff (used to describe the pope) Had the power to call the Senate, veto Senate laws & make laws himself Review! What were the differences between Patricians and Plebeians? How did the Romans keep their government balanced? What is a republic? How was the Roman army structured? How could Roman rights of citizenship be acquired? What rights did Roman citizens have?