Download IMMUNE SYSTEM SPECIFIC DEFENSE

PP. 961-966
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lymphatic system
spleen
lymphocytes
1. B-cells: wbc that mature in
bone marrow
2. T-cells: wbc that mature in
thymus
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There are many different lymphocytes (wbc)
Each have receptors for different antigens
(markers)
 Antigen: Identifies cell as foreign
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2-part attack
 Cell-mediated: Killer T-Cell production
 Humoral: B-Cell production
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Starts with an initial response
Initial
response
Cell-mediated
T-Cell
production
Humoral
B-Cell
production
1. macrophage engulfs pathogen and puts
antigens on its surface
2. Helper T-cell binds to antigen
3. Macrophage releases a chemical (INK-1)
which causes the Helper T-cell to release INK-2
INK-2
Cell-mediated
T-Cell
production
Initial
response
INK-2
Humoral
B-Cell
production
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INK 2 stimulates the production of more
Helper T Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells
Cytotoxic T Cell (killer T cell): kills infected
body cells.
Initial
response
Cell-mediated
T-Cell
production
Humoral
B-Cell
production
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INK-2 causes complimentary B-cells
to divide
Most B-cells change to plasma cells
Plasma cells produce antibodies
 Y-shaped protein that deactivates
pathogen and clumps them making it
easier for macrophages to engulf and
destroy them.
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Some B-cells become memory cells and store
information about pathogen
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Body’s long term defense system
 When exposed to pathogen a 2nd time, memory
cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it
causes illness.
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primary: 1st time body encounters pathogens
secondary: 2nd time body encounters pathogen
with memory cells (leftover B-cells and T-cells)
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Immunity: ability to resist an infectious
disease
Vaccination: introduction of antigens into
body to cause immunity
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Vaccine: solution of dead or weakened
pathogens that contains pathogens
 Antigens produce a primary immune response
 Memory cells created provide quick secondary
immune response if antigen enters body again.
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http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter22/animation__the_immune_response.html
Some Diseases that have been controlled
through vaccines: polio, measles, mumps,
tetanus, and small pox