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Immune System
Immune System
Pathogens are disease-producing agents,
such as bacteria and
viruses.
CUTS AND PUNCTURES
How do pathogens get into the body?
Openings
EYE
NOSE
MOUTH
Immune System
Disease can be transmitted to humans in
various ways:
Insects
Common
inanimate
objects
Airborne
droplets or dust
particles
Immune System
And of course…
Touch
Immune System
What causes disease?
Treatment for disease?
• Viruses
• Vaccines
• Bacteria
• Antibiotics
Immunity
Skin is your first line of defense.
Body secretions (mucus, oil, sweat, tears,
and saliva) provide protection from
pathogens.
Immunity
• If a pathogen gets passed your skin, the
next step is inflammation of the tissues.
– Redness, Swelling, Pain, and Heat are all part of the
immune response to rid your body of harmful agents.
– White blood cells rush to the scene of the accident to
prevent the spread of the pathogen.
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Immunity
Pus is a collection of living and dead white blood cells,
and pathogens.
The pus will continue to form until the infection has ended.
Once over, the pus will be cleared away by
macrophages (a type of white blood cell).
Immune System
The organs, glands, and cells of
the immune system provide
protection through a network called
the lymphatic system.
They house the leukocytes, white
blood cells.
Types of Leukocytes:
• Phagocytes: cells that engulf (take in), destroy,
and digest invading organisms.
• Lymphocytes are cells that allow the body to
remember and recognize previous invaders.
When pathogens invade, leukocytes begin defending right away
Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes or B cells –
• seek out pathogens and send antibodies (markers) to lock
onto them
T lymphocytes or T cells –
• T cells are like the soldiers, destroying the marked invaders.
White Blood Cells
• White Blood Cells
(WBC):
–
–
–
–
Large
several different types
all contain nuclei
defend the body against
disease
– transported by
veins/arteries
White Blood Cells
• WBCs are created in
the bone marrow
– found in your:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Humerus
Femur
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebrae
Pelvis
White Blood Cells
Think of bone
marrow as the
cream filling of a
Twinkie!
Immunity
Parts of the Lymphatic System:
• Lymph nodes
• Tonsils
• Thymus
• Spleen
• Appendix
• Adenoids
• Lymph Vessels
• Lymph Fluid
• Lymphocytes
Glands and Organs
Lymph nodes: small masses of tissue that store
lymphocytes and filter pathogens from the body.
Where are they found in your body???
Lymph nodes swell when you have a viral or bacterial infection
Glands and Organs
The spleen stores some lymphocytes, and filters and
destroys bacteria and worn out red blood cells….in
other words it cleans the blood.
Glands and Organs
The Thymus gland stores lymphocytes until they
mature and then are released to defend the body.
Also creates and releases a hormone that stimulates
the production of white blood cells in the bone
marrow.
Immune System
QUIZ
1. What is a pathogen?
2. How do pathogens enter the
body?
3. What type of cell engulfs
pathogens?
4. What system is responsible
for immunity?
5. What is the difference
between a B cell & a T cell?