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Social Psychology: Psych 353 • • • • • • • • • Professor: Dr. Steve Spencer My office is 3043 PAS My phone # is 3046 My email account is [email protected] My office hours are Wednesday 3:30-5:30 p.m. Course Website can be found at: http://watarts.uwaterloo.ca/~sspencer/psych353 TA: Sonya Dal Cin Her office is 3045 PAS, her office hour is Tuesday 3-4 Her e-mail is [email protected] Social Cognition How we think The World Other People Ourselves Examples of Social Cognition • How we think influences our perceptions of the world – Mixed Up Story • How we think influences our perceptions of others – Influence tactics for sharing ice cream • How we think influences our perceptions of ourselves – Morality: Choosing between Good and Evil History of Social Psychology • Early Social Psychologists – Triplett - the fishing reel experiment – Floyd Allport - the study of attitudes – Cooley, Mead, & James - theorizing about the social self-concept – Katz & Braly - the study of stereotyping – La Pierre - attitudes links to behavior • Three Influential Gestalt Psychologists – Kurt Lewin – Solomon Asch – Fritz Heider History of Social Psychology The Age of Great Theories and Experiments Mid 1940’s to Late 1950’s • Asch – Conformity – Person Perception • Milgram – Obedience • Festinger – Cognitive Dissonance – Social Comparison • Heider – Balance Theory – Attribution Theory The History of Social Psychology The Age of Activism 1960’s • Stereotyping and Prejudice – School Desegregation • Aggression – Gun Effect • Altrusim – Bystander Intervention • Interpersonal Relations – Attraction The History of Social Psychology The Age of Mentalism 1970’s • The Naive Scientist – Attribution Models • The Cognitive Miser – Schemas – Heuristics • The Motivated Tactician – Accuracy motivation The Age of Self-Doubt and Redefinition • The Activist Tradition – Carryover from Age of Activism • The Essentialist Tradition – Carryover from Age of Mentalism • Research is increasingly required to meet the demands of both traditions A History of Cognitive Psychology • • • • • • Wundt’s Mental Atomism Ebbinghaus’ Seminal Work The Behaviorist Reaction The Gestalt Reaction Bartlett’s Reaction The Birth of Cognitive Psychology Factor’s in the Birth of Cognitive Psychology • Chomsky’s work on language acquisition • Information processing models of thought – Broadbent • The computer as a metaphor for human cognition – Simon • Miller discovery of 7 + or - 2 rule of short-term memory • Bruner’s work on going beyond the information given • Neisser’s work on schemas Where the two shall meet • Orange Book (1972). on attribution theory took an explicit stand in favor of information processing models. • Hamilton’s illusory correlation as a possible mechanism for stereotyping. • Work on groups in social psychology was becoming less important. Little progress was being made. • Attitudes were being redefined as behavioral intentions • Anderson develops a person perception model that competes with Asch’s Research Methods Inferring Causation • Correlation – When one variable changes the other variable changes • Time Order – Which comes first the chicken or the egg • Elimination of all other possible causes – random assignment ResearchMethods How Experiment try to Establish Causality • Independent Variables – Experimental group(s) – Control group(s) • Dependent Variables – Valid – Reliable • Time Order is built in – Independent variable leads to dependedent variables • Eliminating other causes – random assignment – procedural control