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Heredity
Cell Energetics
&
Communication
Labs 1-4
100
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500
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500
Chemistry
of Life
Cells
100
What name is given to the general types of logic
used in scientific processes?
Hypothetico-deductive thinking
What is an isotope?
An element with the normal number
of protons but a different number of
neutrons
This changes what?
What are the names of the
intermolecular attractions between
H2O molecules that are responsible
for water’s high specific heat, high
surface tension, cohesive properties
and the fact that ice floats in water?
Hydrogen bonds
Which type of isomer is dependent
upon the positioning of functional
groups around a double bond?
Geometric Isomers
What is the difference between
catabolic and anabolic pathways?
Catabolic pathways= break things
down
Anabolic pathways= put molecules
together
The cell organelle that breaks down
fatty acids and detoxifies alcohol
producing hydrogen peroxide which
is toxic, and also contains enzymes
to break hydrogen peroxide down
Peroxisome
The chemical force (concentration
gradient) and electrical force
(membrane potential) that acts on
ions
Electrochemical Gradient
Proteins that are not embedded in the
lipid bilayer that is loosely bound to
membrane surface
Peripheral Proteins
Cellular extensions that allows the
cell to crawl
Pseudopodia
Channels that perforate cell walls
through which cytoplasm passes,
that connect and unify plant cells
Plasmodesmata
Q: What is the F2 generation
phenotype ratio? Draw the punnett
square. (F1 generation was
heterozygous)
P – purple
p – white
3:1 phenotype
P
P
PP
p
Pp
p
Pp
pp
Q: A man with type A blood marries
a woman with type B blood. Their
child has type O blood. What are the
genotypes of these individuals?
IAi and IBi
Determine the sequence of genes
along the chromosome based on
these recombinant frequencies:
A-B: 8 map units
A-C: 28
A-D: 25
B-C: 20
B-D: 33
D-A-B-C
Describe how nondisjunction occurs
and what is the result?
Homologous chromosomes do not
move apart in meiosis I or sister
chromatids fail to separate in mitosis
or meiosis II.
Aneuploidy, abnormal chromosome
number
is the result
A wild type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body
color and normal wings) was mated with a black fly
with vestigial wings.
Offspring:
788 wild type
785 black vestigial
162 grey vestigial
158 black normal
Q: What is the recombination frequency?
A: (785 black vestigial + 162 grey
vestigial) / 1893 total
What is the recombination
frequency?
17%
Chemical Reaction:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
Respiration
These reactions use light energy to
split H2O and release O2 into the
atmosphere, and also regengerate
ATP & NADPH
Light Reactions
This mode of ATP synthesis is fueled
by the electron transport chain and
takes place in the mitochondrial
membrane
Oxidative Phosphorylation
The cycle that occurs in cytosol,
breaks glucose into 2 molecules of
pyruvate
Glycolosis
Type of Phosporylation?
An enzyme that transfers phosphate
groups from ATP to a protein
Protein Kinase
In lab 4, this would denature
proteins involved in the
photosystems responsible for
reducing DPIP or disrupt the
structure of the pigments
involved.
What is boiling the chloroplasts.
At what time is the rate highest in an
enzyme reaction?
The start/beginning of the reaction
• This is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
• What is Osmosis?
During cytokinesis of mitosis, what
forms in plant cells and in animal
cells?
Plant: Cell Plate
Animal: Cleavage Furrow
What asci patterns in Sordaria
indicate the occurrence of crossing
over?
http://www.bsu.edu/classes/ruch/msa/blackwell/9-22.jpg
2:2:2:2
2:4:2
Think of how possible with chromosomes!