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Friday, January 15 Chapter 18 Test – -Be able to diagnose a disorder described in a case study – --Be able to describe categories of abnormal behavior Thursday, January 14 Discuss Schizophrenia View Video clip – List symptoms of schizophrenia Ch. 18 Test: Friday, January 14 Learning Target: Discuss major categories of abnormal behavior Wednesday, January 13 Return Chapter 18 Vocabulary Grid Discuss Mood Disorders Homework: Read Depression Article (Reading the article is MANDATORY Answering the questions is OPTIONAL,) Chapter 18 Test: Friday, January 15 Learning Target: Discuss major categories of abnormal behavior Tuesday, January 12 Collect Ch. 18 Vocabulary Complete Discussion of Anxiety Disorders Discuss Dissociative Disorders Discuss Somatoform Disorders Fill in Graphic Organizer Learning Target: Discuss major categories of abnormal behavior Monday, January 11 Complete Discussion of Definitions of Abnormality Formative Assessment: Ticket to move on Begin Discussion of Anxiety Disorders Homework: Ch. 18 Vocabulary Assignment (due Tuesday, Jan. 12) Learning Target: Distinguish the common characteristics of abnormal behavior Friday, January 8 Hand back Ch. 14 Tests How normal is this? Discuss Definitions of Abnormality Homework: Ch. 18 Vocabulary Assignment (Due: Tuesday, January 12) Learning Target: Distinguish the common characteristics of abnormal behavior Thursday, June 4 Ch. 18 Test Learning Target: –Discuss major categories of abnormal behavior –Distinguish the common characteristics of abnormal behavior Wednesday, June 3 Practice Case Studies Review for Ch. 18 Test Learning Target: –Discuss major categories of abnormal behavior –Distinguish the common characteristics of abnormal behavior Tuesday, June 2 Complete Discussion of Schizophrenia Watch Video Clip Do Case Studies Collect Ch. 18 Graphic Organizer Homework: Read “What We’re Learning About Schizophrenia” (MANDATORY) Ch. 18 Test: Thursday, June 3 Learning Target: Discuss major categories of abnormal behavior Friday, May 29 Discuss Mood Disorders Discuss Schizophrenia Fill in Graphic Organizer and hand it in Homework: Read Depression Article (Reading the article is MANDATORY Answering the questions is OPTIONAL,) Learning Target: Discuss major categories of abnormal behavior Chapter 18 Psychological Disorders 1) What are Psychological Disorders Symptoms of Psychological Disorders –Deviation from a norm –Maladaptive –Emotional Discomfort Why do you think the U.S. has such a high prevalence of mental disorders? 1) What are Psychological Disorders Deviation from a statistically calculated norm: abnormal abnormal normal If a person behaves in a way that a majority of people do (approximately 68%) then the behavior is normal. If not, the behavior is abnormal 1) What are Psychological Disorders Shortcomings of this definition –It doesn’t discriminate between desirable and undesirable abnormality –Just because a statistical majority of people engage in a particular behavior does not mean that society would like to encourage it as being normal 1) What are Psychological Disorders Deviation norm from a social/cultural – A cultural norm is what society deems as being acceptable. There are norms that cover all types of behaviors. When do we notice norms? 1) What are Psychological Disorders Shortcomings of this definition –There are different norms for different cultures, and different age groups. Additionally, norms change over time. 1) What are Psychological Disorders Maladaptivity If a behavior interferes with a person’s ability to function it is considered to be abnormal. If a person is still able to function adequately in everyday life, then it is not abnormal. 1) What are Psychological Disorders Emotional Discomfort If a person’s behavior causes him/her distress then the behavior is considered to be abnormal 1) What are Psychological Disorders Shortcomings of this definition – Some behavior are so abhorrent that despite someone’s comfort level if it is not normal behavior Neurosis Mild personality disorder, usually does not impair one’s ability to function in society. Symptoms: – Depression – Anxiety – Self-defeating patterns of behavior Psychosis Serious personality disorder, usually incapacitating preventing one from functioning in society. Symptoms – Loss of contact with reality – Hallucinations – Delusions 2) Anxiety Disorders Anxiety: Freud called anxiety a “free floating fear” meaning that it is not attached to any particular object or event. Anxiety is a general feeling of doom and dread 2) Anxiety Disorders Phobic Disorder: Phobic disorders are marked by a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. – What’s the difference between a phobia and a fear? 2) Anxiety Disorders Common Phobias and the Feared Objects Acrophobia: High Places Agoraphobia: Open Places Astraphobia: Thunderstorms Claustrophobia: Enclosed Places 2) Anxiety Disorders Common Phobias and the Feared Objects Hematophobia: Blood Mysophobia: Contamination Pyrophobia: Fire Xenophobia: Foreigners/Strangers Hippophobia: Horses 2) Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A person with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system (ANS) arousal. This anxiety is persistent and many escalate into a panic attack Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. F 10.T 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. T F T T F T T F T F 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. T T T T T T T T F T 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. T F T T T T T F T T 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. T T T T T T T T T F I wish I could tell you exactly what’s the matter. Sometimes I feel like something terrible has just happened when actually nothing has happened. Other times, I expect the sky to fall down any minute. Most of the time I can’t point my finger at something specific. Still, I feel tense and jumpy. The fact is that I am tense and jumpy almost all the time. Sometimes my heart beats so fast, I’m sure it’s a heart attack. Little things can set it off. The other day I thought a supermarket clerk had overcharged me a few cents on an item. She showed me that I was wrong, but that didn’t end it. I worried the rest of the day. I kept going over the incident in my mind feeling terribly embarrassed at having raised the possibility that the clerk had committed an error. The tension was so great, I wasn’t sure I’d be able to go to work in the afternoon. That sort of thing is painful to live with. 2) Anxiety Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) Disorder – Obsessions: are unwanted thoughts, ideas or mental images that occur over and over again – Compulsions: are repetitive, ritual behaviors, often involving cleaning or checking. 2) Anxiety Disorders Obsession-Compulsive Disorder OCD is more common with people with above average intelligence. The onset for males (mode) is younger (between 6 & 15) than for females (between 20 & 29) The patient was a 49 -year -old -man whose main symptom was an obsession with the number 13. If he heard the word he felt a “shock” and experienced a subsequent period of acute anxiety. His everyday life was a continuous effort to avoid any reference to 13, so much that his activities were seriously handicapped. In some way or another, it seems as if everyone was always saying 13 to him. If they met him in the morning they would say, “Oh good morning,” or later in the day it would be “Good afternoon” (13 letters in each). He stayed in bed on the thirteenth day of each month, skipped the thirteenth tread in a stairway, and found it necessary to count letters and phrases, his steps, and streets, to avoid the number 13. 3) Dissociative Disorders Dissociation: The process of separating a portion of the personality that is causing undue emotional stress from the rest of the normally functioning personality. (The individual may view parts of their activity as separate from him/herself) 3) Dissociative Disorders Types of Dissociative Disorders – Dissociative Amnesia – Dissociative Fugue – Dissociative Identity Disorder 3) Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Amnesia The failure to recall events or personal information I forgot 3) Dissociative Disorders Psychogenic Amnesia vs. Organic Amnesia 1. Loss of memory for both recent and distant past 2. Lose identity but general knowledge remains intact 3. Have no anterograde amnesia (memory loss for events after amnesia starts) 4. Amnesia often reverses itself very abruptly 1. Loss of memory for the recent past but memory for distant past is essentially intact 2. Lose both personal identity as well as general knowledge 3. Primary symptom is anterograde 4. Memory returns gradually for retrograde amnesia, anterograde hardly ever returns 3) Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Fugue: Dissociative Fugue = Amnesia + flight from the geographic location 3) Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Identity Disorder This is rare disorder that is characterized by the development of two or more separate and independent personalities within the same person http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aBPk46ZmV0&feature=related 4). Somatoform Disorder Somatization: Refers to the expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms Types of Somatoform Disorders – Conversion Disorder – Hypochondriasis 4). Somatoform Disorder Conversion Disorder: A person with conversion disorder experiences a change or a loss of physical functioning in a major part of the body for which there is no medical explanation People with this disorder are strangely indifferent to their problems 4). Somatoform Disorder Hypochondriasis: A person misinterprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease. 5) Mood Disorders Types of Mood Disorders –Major Depression –Bipolar Disorder (Formerly known as Manic Depression) 5) Mood Disorders Major Depression: This is often referred to as the common cold of psychological disorders. Why do you think that is? 5) Mood Disorders Major Depression This is a mood disorder in which a person, for no apparent reason, experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods, feeling of worthlessness and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities. The person may become deeply discouraged about everything. Depressed people often feel that they are helpless. They feel there is nothing they can do to change things 5) Mood Disorders Symptoms of Depression: – Persistent depressed mood for most of the day – Loss of interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities – Significant weight loss or gain – Sleep changes – Fatigue or loss of energy, boredom – Feelings of worthlessness or unfounded guilt 5) Mood Disorders Symptoms of Depression: (continued) – Reduced ability to concentrate – Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide – Physical complaints – Loss of friends – Tearfulness – Poor grade, truancy, disciplinary problems – Social behavior changes 5) Mood Disorders Bipolar Disorder (formerly known as manic depressive disorder) The person alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the hyperactive, wildly optimistic, impulsive phase of mania (excited and overly active periods) Bipolar Disorder is less common than major depression 5) Mood Disorders Mania During the manic phase the person may sing, shout, talk continuously, move around rapidly. He has little need for sleep. 5) Mood Disorders Mania He is easily irritated if crossed. The person may show few sexual inhibitions. His speech may be flighty. It is difficult to interrupt him. He has grandiose optimism. Bipolar disorder may lead to reckless spending and investment sprees. 5) Mood Disorders Then they go through a normal phase Then they go through a depressive phase. (The depressive phase usually lasts longer than the manic phase) 6). Schizophrenia The term schizophrenia means literally “split mind” 6). Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia – Break of contact with reality – Hallucinations: inappropriate feelings that come to us from one of our senses What’s the difference between a hallucination and an optical illusion? 6). Schizophrenia Types of Hallucinations: – Auditory Hallucinations: hearing things that are not there – Visual Hallucinations: seeing things that aren’t there 6). Schizophrenia Types of Hallucinations: – Tactile Hallucinations: feeling things that aren’t there – Olfactory Hallucinations: smelling things that aren’t there – Gustatory Hallucinations: tasting things that aren’t there 6). Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia – Delusions: false but persistent beliefs despite evidence to the contrary 6). Schizophrenia Types of Delusions: – Delusions of Grandeur: thinking you are someone of great importance 6). Schizophrenia Types of Delusions: – Delusions of Reference: thinking that you are the center of attention, that people are looking at, or talking about you – Delusions of Depersonalization: thinking you are turning into an inanimate or vegetative object 6). Schizophrenia Types of Delusions: – Delusions of Persecution: thinking that people are out to get you or harm you – Delusions of Guilt: thinking that you have just committed a terrible wrong 6). Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia –Disturbances in thoughts and speech Echolalia: Repeating words said in their presence over and over and over again 6). Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia – Disturbances in thoughts and speech Neologisms: (literally “new words”). At times, a schizophrenic’s speech includes the rare appearance of words and phrases not found in even the most comprehensive dictionary. Neologisms (new words) are sometimes formed by combining parts of two or more regular words. Neologisms may also involve the use of common words in a new way 6). Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia –Disturbances in thoughts and speech Word Salad: Combining words and phrases in what appears to be a completely disorganized fashion. Unlike neologisms, word salad suggests no effort to communicate. In word salad, nothing is related to anything else. 6). Schizophrenia Example of word salad It’s all over for q squab true tray and there ain’t no music, there ain’t no nothing besides my mother and my father who stand alone upon the Island of Capri where there is no ice, there is no nothing but changers, changers, changers. That comes like in first and last names, so that thing does. Well, it’s my suitcase, sir. I’ve got to travel all the time to keep my energy alive. 6). Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia –Disturbances in thoughts and speech Mutism: Total Silence 6). Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia –Disturbances in thoughts and speech Derailment (loose associations): The tendency for one thought to be logically unconnected, or only superficially related to the next. Sometimes the associations are based on the double meanings or on the way words sound 6). Schizophrenia Example of Derailment: He pushed back the blankets from the bed. He saw the river bed was covered with small stones washed down from the quarry. The hunter came fast because he was following his quarry over the hill. 6). Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia –Disturbances in thoughts and speech Clanging: The pairing of words that have no relation to one another beyond the fact that they rhyme or sound alike 6). Schizophrenia Example of clanging: – Said, Dead, Red, Head, Led – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYHVbLLO2bU 6). Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia –Disturbances in thoughts and speech Irrelevant Replies: Giving answer to questions that are not relevant Example: How old are you? As old as the pyramids crumbling into dust. Where do you live? I exist in the world, from it, of it, and by it. 6). Schizophrenia Types of Schizophrenia – Catatonic Schizophrenia Agitated Immobile – Paranoid Schizophrenia – Disorganized Schizophrenia – Undifferentiated Schizophrenia 6). Schizophrenia Types of Schizophrenia – Catatonic Schizophrenia: Accounts for 8% of all schizophrenics. The major symptoms is a disturbance in motor activity. The person may remain stiffly immobile and refuse to speak of be extremely agitated. Catatonic Schizophrenia is rarely seen today. However, it was common up to 30 to 40 years ago 6). Schizophrenia Types of Schizophrenia – Paranoid Schizophrenia Accounts for 40% of schizophrenics; appears late in life (25-30). Characterized by delusions of persecutions & grandeur. These are often accompanied by hallucinations supporting the delusion. 6). Schizophrenia Types of Schizophrenia – Paranoid Schizophrenia (continued) Paranoid Schizophrenics are more likely than other schizophrenics to have a good outcome because it tends to be acute. Under certain circumstances, they may function relatively well 6). Schizophrenia Types of Schizophrenia – Disorganized Schizophrenia Accounts for 5% of all schizophrenics. Incoherence in expression Childish disregard for social conventions Resists wearing clothing Urinate and defecate at inappropriate times 6). Schizophrenia Disorganized Schizophrenia (continued) – May eat with their fingers – Show emotional responses that are inappropriate to the situation – Giggling – Silly mannerisms – Inexplicable gestures 6). Schizophrenia Types of Schizophrenia – Undifferentiated Schizophrenia This accounts for 40% of all schizophrenics. They have symptoms of schizophrenics (disordered thinking, etc) but the symptoms don’t clearly fit one of the other specific types